Various echogenicity in hamster liver tissue demonstrates that WS070117 prevents fat accumulation in the liver.

<p>(A) Images of pericholecystic space; (B) Images of liver edge.</p

Typical 500 MHz ¹H-NMR spectra of hamster plasma and liver samples.

<p>(A): ¹H-NMR BPP-LED spectra of plasma samples. (B): ¹H-NMR CPMG spectra of plasma samples. (C): HR-MAS ¹H-NMR standard spectra of liver tissues. Signal assignment: VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; PtdCho, Phosphatidylcholine; Ile, Isoleucine; Leu, Leucine; 3-HB, 3-D-Hydroxybutyrate; Val, Valine; Eth, (residual) Ethanol; Lac, Lactate; Ala, Alanine; Lys, Lysine; Ace, Acetate; N-Ac, N-Acetyl glycoproteins; O-Ac, O-Acetyl glycoproteins; Met, Methionine; Pyr, Pyruvate; Gln, Glutamine; Cho, Choline; GPC, Glycerophos- phorylcholine; Glc, Glucose; TMAO, Trimethylamine-N-oxide.</p

High resolution 500 MHz single pulse ¹H-NMR spectra of liver tissue extracts from control hamsters.

<p>(A): ¹H-NMR spectrum of liver tissue aqueous extracts from control hamsters. (B): ¹H-NMR spectrum of liver tissue chloroform/methanol extracts from control hamsters. Signal assignment: 1, Bile acid C18 methyls; 2, Isoleucine; 3, Leucine; 4, Valine; 5, β-Hydroxybutyrate; 6, Lactate; 7, Alanine; 8, Lysine; 9, Acetate; 10, Glutamate; 11, Glutamine; 12, Glutathione; 13, Succinate; 14, Aspartate; 15, Tyrosine; 16, Choline; 17, Phosphocholine; 18, Glycerophosphorcholine; 19,Trimethylamine-N-oxide; 20, Betaine; 21, N-methyl nicotinamide; 22, β-Glucose; 23, α-Glucose; 24, Glycogen; 25, UDP-Glucose; 26, NAD⁺; 27, NADP⁺; 28, Inosine&adenosine; 29, AMP; 30, Fumarate; 31, Histidine; 32, Nicotinurate; 33, Adenine; 34, Adenosine; 35, Cholesterol (C₁₈H₃); 36, Fatty acid residues (ω-CH₃); 37, Cholesterol (C₂₆H₃, C₂₇H₃, C₂₁H₃); 38, Fatty acid residues (ω-CH₃ of total omega-3 fatty acid); 39, Cholesterol (C₁₉H₃); 40, Fatty acid residues ((CH₂)_n); 41, Fatty acid residues (COCH₂-CH₂); 42, Fatty acid residues (-CH₂ of ARA+EPA); 43, Fatty acid residues (CH2-CH = ); 44, Fatty acid residues(-CO-CH₂); 45, Fatty acid residues (α and β CH₂ of DHA); 46, Fatty acid residues (-CH = CH-CH2-CH = CH-of linoleic acid); 47, Fatty acid residues (CH = CH-CH2-CH = CH)_n, n>1; 48, CH₂-NH₂ of PE; 49, N⁺(CH₃)₃ (PC and SM); 50, Cholesterol (C₃H); 51, Triglycerides (C₁H and C₃H of glycerol); 52, Triglycerides (C₁H and C₃H of glycerol); 53, Triglycerides (C₂H of glycerol); 54, Fatty acid residues (CH = CH); 55, Cholesterol (C₆H). ARA, Arachidonic acid; EPA, Eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, Doco- sahexaenoic acid; PE, Phosphatidylethanolamine; PC, Phosphatidylcholine; SM, Sphingo- myelin.</p

Acenaphthoimidazolylidene Gold Complex-Catalyzed Alkylsulfonylation of Boronic Acids by Potassium Metabisulfite and Alkyl Halides: A Direct and Robust Protocol To Access Sulfones

A robust acenaphthoimidazolylidene gold complex is demonstrated as a highly efficient catalyst in the direct alkylsulfonylation of boronic acids. Remarkably, a wide range of highly reactive and unreactive C-electrophiles were well-tolerated to produce various (hetero)­aryl-alkyl, aryl-alkenyl, and alkenyl-alkyl sulfones in satisfactory yields with 5 mol % catalyst loading. Along with the steric properties of NHC ligands, the high catalytic activity of this gold complex suggests that the strong σ-donation of acenaphthoimidazolylidene also played a role in promoting this challenging redox-neutral catalytic process

Lipid-lowering effects of WS070117 (2 mg·kg⁻¹) in serum from hyperlipideminc hamsters.

<p>The mean ± SD of 5 animals are presented.</p>###<p><i>P</i><0.001, compared with control;</p>*<p><i>P</i><0.05,</p>**<p><i>P</i><0.01,</p>***<p><i>P</i><0.001, compared with model.</p

PR analysis of ¹H-NMR BPP-LED spectra of hamster plasma.

<p>(A): PCA scores plot of ¹H-NMR BPP-LED spectra of plasma samples from normal and hyperlipidemic hamsters (R²X = 0.998, Q² = 0.808). (B): Corresponding loadings plot indicating those NMR spectral regions responsible for the separation. (C): Scores plot of OPLS-DA analysis of the spectra of hamster plasma (R²X = 0.994, R²Y = 0.518, Q² = 0.347). •, Control hamsters; ▪, Hyperlipidemic hamsters; ▴, Hyperlipidemic hamsters treated with simvastatin (2 mg·kg⁻¹); *, Hyperlipidemic hamsters treated with WS070117 (2 mg·kg⁻¹).</p

Relative integrals from some selected metabolites contributing to the classification of hamsters in four groups.

&<p>, normalized to the total of all the resonance integral regions over the range of 0.5–6.0 ppm excluding the resonance from residual water (4.7–5.1 ppm);</p>a<p>, Model group compared with Control;</p>b<p>, WS070117 (2 mg·kg⁻¹) treated group compared with Model;</p>c<p>, Simvastatin (2 mg·kg⁻¹) treated group compared with Model.</p

Carbon-Layer-Protected Cuprous Oxide Nanowire Arrays for Efficient Water Reduction

In this work, we propose a solution-based carbon precursor coating and subsequent carbonization strategy to form a thin protective carbon layer on unstable semiconductor nanostructures as a solution to the commonly occurring photocorrosion problem of many semiconductors. A proof-of-concept is provided by using glucose as the carbon precursor to form a protective carbon coating onto cuprous oxide (Cu₂O) nanowire arrays which were synthesized from copper mesh. The carbon-layer-protected Cu₂O nanowire arrays exhibited remarkably improved photostability as well as considerably enhanced photocurrent density. The Cu₂O nanowire arrays coated with a carbon layer of 20 nm thickness were found to give an optimal water splitting performance, producing a photocurrent density of −3.95 mA cm^–2 and an optimal photocathode efficiency of 0.56% under illumination of AM 1.5G (100 mW cm^–2). This is the highest value ever reported for a Cu₂O-based electrode coated with a metal/co-catalyst-free protective layer. The photostability, measured as the percentage of the photocurrent density at the end of 20 min measurement period relative to that at the beginning of the measurement, improved from 12.6% on the bare, nonprotected Cu₂O nanowire arrays to 80.7% on the continuous carbon coating protected ones, more than a 6-fold increase. We believe that the facile strategy presented in this work is a general approach that can address the stability issue of many nonstable photoelectrodes and thus has the potential to make a meaningful contribution in the general field of energy conversion

Three-Dimensional Printing of Hollow-Struts-Packed Bioceramic Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration

Three-dimensional printing technologies have shown distinct advantages to create porous scaffolds with designed macropores for application in bone tissue engineering. However, until now, 3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds only possessing a single type of macropore have been reported. Generally, those scaffolds with a single type of macropore have relatively low porosity and pore surfaces, limited delivery of oxygen and nutrition to surviving cells, and new bone tissue formation in the center of the scaffolds. Therefore, in this work, we present a useful and facile method for preparing hollow-struts-packed (HSP) bioceramic scaffolds with designed macropores and multioriented hollow channels via a modified coaxial 3D printing strategy. The prepared HSP scaffolds combined high porosity and surface area with impressive mechanical strength. The unique hollow-struts structures of bioceramic scaffolds significantly improved cell attachment and proliferation and further promoted formation of new bone tissue in the center of the scaffolds, indicating that HSP ceramic scaffolds can be used for regeneration of large bone defects. In addition, the strategy can be used to prepare other HSP ceramic scaffolds, indicating a universal application for tissue engineering, mechanical engineering, catalysis, and environmental materials

Rational Molecular Engineering of Indoline-Based D‑A-π‑A Organic Sensitizers for Long-Wavelength-Responsive Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Indoline-based D-A-π-A organic sensitizers are promising candidates for highly efficient and long-term stable dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In order to further broaden the spectral response of the known indoline dye <b>WS-2</b>, we rationally engineer the molecular structure through enhancing the electron donor and extending the π-bridge, resulting in two novel indoline-based D-A-π-A organic sensitizers <b>WS-92</b> and <b>WS-95</b>. By replacing the 4-methylphenyl group on the indoline donor of <b>WS-2</b> with a more electron-rich carbazole unit, the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) absorption band of dye <b>WS-92</b> is slightly red-shifted from 550 nm (<b>WS-2</b>) to 554 nm (<b>WS-92</b>). In comparison, the incorporation of a larger π-bridge of cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) unit in dye <b>WS-95</b> not only greatly bathochromatically tunes the absorption band to 574 nm but also largely enhances the molar extinction coefficients (ε), thus dramatically improving the light-harvesting capability. Under the standard global AM 1.5 solar light condition, the photovoltaic performances of both organic dyes have been evaluated in DSSCs on the basis of the iodide/triiodide electrolyte without any coadsorbent or cosensitizer. The DSSCs based on <b>WS-95</b> display better device performance with power conversion efficiency (η) of 7.69%. The additional coadsorbent in the dye bath of <b>WS-95</b> does not improve the photovoltaic performance, indicative of its negligible dye aggregation, which can be rationalized by the grafted dioctyl chains on the CPDT unit. The cosensitization of <b>WS-95</b> with a short absorption wavelength dye <b>S2</b> enhances the IPCE and improves the η to 9.18%. Our results indicate that extending the π-spacer is more rational than enhancing the electron donor in terms of broadening the spectral response of indoline-based D-A-π-A organic sensitizers