Digitales Kapital im Einsatz

In den Ausbildungen an Kunsthochschulen werden seit einiger Zeit verstärkt Fragen zum Verhältnis zwischen digitalen und analogen Praktiken, zwischen technischem Know-how und künstlerischer Idee sowie zwischen hochschulischen Angeboten und individuellen Handlungsorientierungen diskutiert. Anhand von Abschlussarbeiten in Kunst, Design und Kunstvermittlung untersuchen die Autorinnen, welche digitalen Praktiken Studierende einsetzen, auf welche Kompetenzen und Kenntnisse sie dabei zurückgreifen und wie ihr Einsatz bewertet wird. Damit zeigen sie potenzielle Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Diskurs zur digitalen Transformation und den Bildungschancen Kunststudierender auf

Digitales Kapital im Einsatz: Eine Ethnografie zur Transformation digitaler Praktiken in der Kunstausbildung

In den Ausbildungen an Kunsthochschulen werden seit einiger Zeit verstärkt Fragen zum Verhältnis zwischen digitalen und analogen Praktiken, zwischen technischem Know-how und künstlerischer Idee sowie zwischen hochschulischen Angeboten und individuellen Handlungsorientierungen diskutiert. Anhand von Abschlussarbeiten in Kunst, Design und Kunstvermittlung untersuchen die Autorinnen, welche digitalen Praktiken Studierende einsetzen, auf welche Kompetenzen und Kenntnisse sie dabei zurückgreifen und wie ihr Einsatz bewertet wird. Damit zeigen sie potenzielle Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Diskurs zur digitalen Transformation und den Bildungschancen Kunststudierender auf

Trading people versus trading time: What is the difference?

BACKGROUND: Person trade-off (PTO) elicitations yield different values than standard utility measures, such as time trade-off (TTO) elicitations. Some people believe this difference arises because the PTO captures the importance of distributive principles other than maximizing treatment benefits. We conducted a qualitative study to determine whether people mention considerations related to distributive principles other than QALY-maximization more often in PTO elicitations than in TTO elicitations and whether this could account for the empirical differences. METHODS: 64 members of the general public were randomized to one of three different face-to-face interviews, thinking aloud as they responded to TTO and PTO elicitations. Participants responded to a TTO followed by a PTO elicitation within contexts that compared either: 1) two life-saving treatments; 2) two cure treatments; or 3) a life-saving treatment versus a cure treatment. RESULTS: When people were asked to choose between life-saving treatments, non-maximizing principles were more common with the PTO than the TTO task. Only 5% of participants considered non-maximizing principles as they responded to the TTO elicitation compared to 68% of participants who did so when responding to the PTO elicitation. Non-maximizing principles that emerged included importance of equality of life and a desire to avoid discrimination. However, these principles were less common in the other two contexts. Regardless of context, though, participants were significantly more likely to respond from a societal perspective with the PTO compared to the TTO elicitation. CONCLUSION: When lives are at stake, within the context of a PTO elicitation, people are more likely to consider non-maximizing principles, including the importance of equal access to a life-saving treatment, avoiding prejudice or discrimination, and in rare cases giving treatment priority based purely on the position of being worse-off

Digitales Kapital im Einsatz: eine Ethnografie zur Transformation digitaler Praktiken in der Kunstausbildung

In den Ausbildungen an Kunsthochschulen werden seit einiger Zeit verstärkt Fragen zum Verhältnis zwischen digitalen und analogen Praktiken, zwischen technischem Know-how und künstlerischer Idee sowie zwischen hochschulischen Angeboten und individuellen Handlungsorientierungen diskutiert. Anhand von Abschlussarbeiten in Kunst, Design und Kunstvermittlung untersuchen die Autorinnen, welche digitalen Praktiken Studierende einsetzen, auf welche Kompetenzen und Kenntnisse sie dabei zurückgreifen und wie ihr Einsatz bewertet wird. Damit zeigen sie potenzielle Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Diskurs zur digitalen Transformation und den Bildungschancen Kunststudierender auf

Waiting Lists for Radiation Therapy: A Case Study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Why waiting lists arise and how to address them remains unclear, and an improved understanding of these waiting list "dynamics" could lead to better management. The purpose of this study is to understand how the current shortage in radiation therapy in Ontario developed; the implications of prolonged waits; who is held accountable for managing such delays; and short, intermediate, and long-term solutions.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A case study of the radiation therapy shortage in 1998-99 at Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Relevant documents were collected; semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with ten administrators, health care workers, and patients were conducted, audio-taped and transcribed; and relevant meetings were observed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The radiation therapy shortage arose from a complex interplay of factors including: rising cancer incidence rates; broadening indications for radiation therapy; human resources management issues; government funding decisions; and responsiveness to previous planning recommendations. Implications of delays include poorer cancer control rates; patient suffering; and strained doctor-patient relationships. An incompatible relationship exists between moral responsibility, borne by government, and legal liability, borne by physicians. Short-term solutions include re-referral to centers with available resources; long-term solutions include training and recruiting health care workers, improving workload standards, increasing compensation, and making changes to the funding formula.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Human resource planning plays a critical role in the causes and solutions of waiting lists. Waiting lists have harsh implications for patients. Accountability relationships require realignment.</p

Informing reimbursement decisions using cost-effectiveness modelling: a guide to the process of generating elicited priors to capture model uncertainties

In informing decisions, utilising health technology assessment (HTA), expert elicitation can provide valuable information, particularly where there is a less-developed evidence-base at the point of market access. In these circumstances, formal methods to elicit expert judgements are preferred to improve the accountability and transparency of the decision-making process, help reduce bias and the use of heuristics, and also provide a structure that allows uncertainty to be expressed. Expert elicitation is the process of transforming the subjective and implicit knowledge of experts into their quantifiable expressions. The use of expert elicitation in HTA is gaining momentum, and there is particular interest in its application to diagnostics, medical devices and complex interventions such as in public health or social care. Compared with the gathering of experimental evidence, elicitation constitutes a reasonably low-cost source of evidence. Given its inherent subject nature, the potential biases in elicited evidence cannot be ignored and, due to its infancy in HTA, there is little guidance to the analyst wishing to conduct a formal elicitation exercise. This article attempts to summarise the stages of designing and conducting an expert elicitation, drawing on key literature and examples, most of which are not in HTA. In addition, we critique their applicability to HTA, given its distinguishing features. There are a number of issues that the analyst should be mindful of, in particular the need to appropriately characterise the uncertainty associated with model inputs and the fact that there are often numerous parameters required, not all of which can be defined using the same quantities. This increases the need for the elicitation task to be as straightforward as possible for the expert to complete