Jarzynski Equality, Crooks Fluctuation Theorem and the Fluctuation Theorems of Heat for Arbitrary Initial States

By taking full advantage of the dynamic property imposed by the detailed balance condition, we derive a new refined unified fluctuation theorem (FT) for general stochastic thermodynamic systems. This FT involves the joint probability distribution functions of the final phase space point and a thermodynamic variable. Jarzynski equality, Crooks fluctuation theorem, and the FTs of heat as well as the trajectory entropy production can be regarded as special cases of this refined unified FT, and all of them are generalized to arbitrary initial distributions. We also find that the refined unified FT can easily reproduce the FTs for processes with the feedback control, due to its unconventional structure that separates the thermodynamic variable from the choices of initial distributions. Our result is heuristic for further understanding of the relations and distinctions between all kinds of FTs, and might be valuable for studying thermodynamic processes with information exchange.Comment: 15 pages, 1 tabl

Origin of the pseudogap and its influence on superconducting state

When holes move in the background of strong antiferromagnetic correlation, two effects with different spatial scale emerge, leading to a much reduced hopping integral with an additional phase factor. An effective Hamiltonian is then proposed to investigate the underdoped cuprates. We argue that the pseudogap is the consequence of dressed hole moving in the antiferromagnetic background and has nothing to do with the superconductivity. The momentum distributions of the gap are qualitatively consistent with the recent ARPES measurements both in the pseudogap and superconducting state. Two thermal qualities are further calculated to justify our model. A two-gap scenario is concluded to describe the relation between the two gaps.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Convergence of Adaptive Finite Element Approximations for Nonlinear Eigenvalue Problems

In this paper, we study an adaptive finite element method for a class of a nonlinear eigenvalue problems that may be of nonconvex energy functional and consider its applications to quantum chemistry. We prove the convergence of adaptive finite element approximations and present several numerical examples of micro-structure of matter calculations that support our theory.Comment: 24 pages, 12 figure

Unsupervised learning of generative topic saliency for person re-identification

(c) 2014. The copyright of this document resides with its authors. It may be distributed unchanged freely in print or electronic forms.© 2014. The copyright of this document resides with its authors. Existing approaches to person re-identification (re-id) are dominated by supervised learning based methods which focus on learning optimal similarity distance metrics. However, supervised learning based models require a large number of manually labelled pairs of person images across every pair of camera views. This thus limits their ability to scale to large camera networks. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a novel unsupervised re-id modelling approach by exploring generative probabilistic topic modelling. Given abundant unlabelled data, our topic model learns to simultaneously both (1) discover localised person foreground appearance saliency (salient image patches) that are more informative for re-id matching, and (2) remove busy background clutters surrounding a person. Extensive experiments are carried out to demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms existing unsupervised learning re-id methods with significantly simplified model complexity. In the meantime, it still retains comparable re-id accuracy when compared to the state-of-the-art supervised re-id methods but without any need for pair-wise labelled training data