New Analyses of Double-Bang Events in the Atmosphere

We use CORSIKA+Herwig simulation code to produce ultra-high energy neutrino interactions in the atmosphere. Our aim is to reproduce extensive air showers originated by extragalactic tau-neutrinos. For charged current tau-neutrino interactions in the atmosphere, beside the air shower originated from the neutrino interaction, it is expected that a tau is created and may decay before reaching the ground. That phenomenon makes possible the generation of two related extensive air showers, the so called Double-Bang event. We make an analysis of the main characteristics of Double-Bang events in the atmosphere for mean values of the parameters involved in such phenomenon, like the inelasticity and tau decay length. We discuss what may happen for the ``out of the average'' cases and conclude that it may be possible to observe this kind of event in ultra-high energy cosmic ray observatories such as Pierre Auger or Telescope Array.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures, final version to appear in BJ

Quantum Dissipation in a Neutrino System Propagating in Vacuum and in Matter

Considering the neutrino state like an open quantum system, we analyze its propagation in vacuum or in matter. After defining what can be called decoherence and relaxation effects, we show that in general the probabilities in vacuum and in constant matter can be written in a similar way, which is not an obvious result in this approach. From this result, we analyze the situation where neutrinos evolution satisfies the adiabatic limit and use this formalim to study solar neutrinos. We show that the decoherence effect may not be bounded by the solar neutrino data and review some results in the literature. We discuss the current results where solar neutrinos were used to put bounds on decoherence effects through a model-dependent approach. We conclude explaining how and why this models are not general and we reinterpret these constraints.Comment: new version: title was changend and was added a table. To appear at Nucl. Physic.

Neutrino Non-standard Interactions

AbstractThe quantum neutrino oscillation phenomenon is not perfectly described by the actual standard physics models. Experimental results of different neutrino sources like reactors, accelerators and supernovae, indicate a non-negligible flux error if compared to the predicted theoretical models. This work aims to propose different non-standard neutrino in- teractions and predict LBNE potential in analyze it. That approach could give a better understanding of the quantum neutrino oscillation phenomenon.As an example, we can use the weak leptonic number violation that generate new interactions that is not possible using the Standard Model. This violation is directly related with a change in the Flavor neutrino Hamiltonian and consequently connected with the quantum neutrino oscillation

Analysis of a modern hybrid and an ancient sugarcane implicates a complex interplay of factors in affecting recalcitrance to cellulosic ethanol production

Abundant evidence exists to support a role for lignin as an important element in biomass recalcitrance. However, several independent studies have also shown that factors apart from lignin are also relevant and overall, the relative importance of different recalcitrance traits remains in dispute. In this study we used two genetically distant sugarcane genotypes, and performed a correlational study with the variation in anatomical parameters, cell wall composition, and recalcitrance factors between these genotypes. In addition we also tracked alterations in these characteristics in internodes at different stages of development. Significant differences in the development of the culm between the genotypes were associated with clear differential distributions of lignin content and composition that were not correlated with saccharification and fermentation yield. Given the strong influence of the environment on lignin content and composition, we hypothesized that sampling within a single plant could allow us to more easily interpret recalcitrance and changes in lignin biosynthesis than analysing variations between different genotypes with extensive changes in plant morphology and culm anatomy. The syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio was higher in the oldest internode of the modern genotype, but S/G ratio was not correlated with enzymatic hydrolysis yield nor fermentation efficiency. Curiously we observed a strong positive correlation between ferulate ester level and cellulose conversion efficiency. Together, these data support the hypothesis that biomass enzymatic hydrolysis recalcitrance is governed by a quantitative heritage rather than a single trait

Equivalence between quantum mechanics and pt symmetric quantum mechanics

Sem informaçãoIn this paper we develop a discussion about PT symmetric quantum mechanics, working with the basic elements of this theory. In a simple case of a two-body system, we developed the quantum brachistochrone problem. Comparing the results obtained through the PT symmetric quantum mechanics with the ones obtained using the standard formalism, we conclude that this new approach is not able to reveal any new effect. © The Sociedade Brasileira de Física.Este artigo traz uma discussão a respeito da mecânica quântica PT simétrica, desenvolvendo alguns elementos básicos dessa teoria. Em um caso simples de sistema de dois níveis, desenvolvemos o problema da braquistócrona quântica. Comparando os resultados obtidos entre a mecânica quântica PT simétrica e aqueles obtidos usando o formalismo padrão, conclui-se que a nova abordagem não é capaz de revelar nenhum fenômeno novo.37119Sem informaçãoSem informaçãoSem informaçãoBender, C.M., Boettcher, S., (1998) Phys. Rev. Lett., 80, p. 5243Bender, C.M., Brody, D.C., Jones, H.F., (2004) Phys. Rev. Lett., 93Znojil, M., (2001), arXiv:math-phBender, C.M., Brody, D.C., Jones, H.F., (2002) Phys. Rev. Lett., 89Bender, C.M., Boettcher, S., (2013) Physica Scripta, 87Jun-Qing Li, Y.-G.M., (2012) Phys. Rev. A, 85Borisov, D.I., (2013) Proceedings of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics, 281, p. 5Mostafazadeh, A., (2002) J. Math. Phys., 43, p. 205Carlini, A., Hosoya, A., Koike, T., Okudaira, Y., (2006) Phys. Rev. Lett., 96Brody, D.C., Hook, D.W., (2006) J. Phys. A: Mathematical and General, 39, p. 167Bender, C.M., Brody, D.C., Jones, H.F., Meister, B.K., (2007) Phys. Rev. Lett., 98Mezincescu, G.A., (2000) J. Phys. A: Mathematical and General, 33, p. 4911Bender, C.M., Wang, Q., (2001) J. Phys. A: Mathematical and General, 34, p. 3325Bender, C., (2003) Rep. Prog. Phys, 70, p. 947Weigert, S., (2003) Phys. Rev. A, 68Bender, C.M., Klevansky, S., (2009) Phys. Lett. A, 373, p. 2670Mostafazadeh, A., (2007) Phys. Rev. Lett., 99In this paper we develop a discussion about PT symmetric quantum mechanics, working with the basic elements of this theory. In a simple case of a two-body system, we developed the quantum brachistochrone problem. Comparing the results obtained through the PT symmetric quantum mechanics with the ones obtained using the standard formalism, we conclude that this new approach is not able to reveal any new effect

Assessment of the Potentiality to the Debris-Flow Occurrence from Physiographic and Morphometrics Parameters: a Case Study in Santo Antônio Basin (Caraguatatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil)

This work aims to evaluate the potential for the debris-flow triggering from Santo Antônio hydrographic basin, located in the Serra do Mar region on North Coast of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, based on physiographic attributes, rainfall data, and morphometric parameters. For this purpose, hydrographic basin techniques were applied, assessing the vulnerability to the debris flow from geomorphological, geological, climatic, and anthropic aspects, and morphometric parameters relevant to the triggering of these processes in watersheds were calculated. Seven physiographic units were identified, which supported the understanding of geological and geomorphological aspects of the basin: coastal plains; river plains; colluvium and talus ramps; escarpments of Serra do Mar; upland of Paraitinga; mountainous relief and hillocks domain. The sub-basins located in steep sections of the relief, with high slopes, valleys, and channels docked, high drainage densities present higher values in the morphometric parameters, indicating a greater potential for triggering and occurrence of debris-flow processes. The joint analysis of physiographic compartmentalization with the identification of relief features, slope, amplitude, valley, slope shapes and morphometric parameters, is extremely relevant to recognize hydrographic basins susceptible to debris flows, as it integrates, and correlates aspects of the physical environment considered to trigger in the occurrence of these processes