Caesarean section audit in a tertiary hospital of North India using Robson’s classification

Background: In view of upsurging Caesarean section (CS) rate worldwide WHO conducted two multicountry surveys to diagnose the driving determinants. In two WHO surveys increased overall CS rate was observed from 26.4% to 31.2% worldwide except Japan. Both WHO 2014 and FIGO 2016 recommend Robson ten- group classification for monitoring caesarean rate over time because of its clarity, tenacity, resilience and pliability. Our Aim is to classify women delivered in our Hospital as per Robson ten –group classification and access the factor driving caesarean rate in each group.Methods: This is a retrospective study 1671 caesarean section conducted in tertiary hospital over 6 months (July- December) 2018. All the delivering women were classified according to Robson ten-group classification and data was analyzed using Microsoft excel and SPSS 23 software.Results: During the study period there were 5917 deliveries. Of these 1671 deliveries were CS accounting for CS rate of 28.24% . The major contributor to CS rate were women in group 5 followed by primigravida’s in group 1 and 2. Increasing  CS rate was observed in group 1 ,2, 3 and 5. Most common indication for caesarean section was fetal distress , failed induction , previous caesarean , breech and Antepartum hemorrhage.Conclusions: Increasing trend in CS rate is observed in group 1,2 ,3 and 5. In order to reduce CS rate among group 2 better patient selection is required for induction of labour based on Bishop score. In order to reduce CS rate in group 5 promotion of  VBAC deliveries should be encouraged. By classifying women according to Robson group 10 classification  helps in identification of women likely to deliver by caesarean  and to identify effective strategies to optimize the CS rate

Business Model Innovation – The Vital Link to Business Continuity

The strategic thinking involving business model innovation has been focusing on the issue of the ways in which organizations can capture more value. But changing markets, technologies and legal structures pose a major challenge to the driving forces behind business models in terms of running the business. The purpose of this paper is to advance the comprehension of significance of business model innovation related to the aspect of business continuity. This paper also presents a review of business model innovation literature through which main elements leading to the aspect of business continuity have been brought to the light. While our discussion also draws examples from the markets of Middle East but the theoretical framework constructed has general applicability. We conclude by emphasizing that the aspect of building business continuity in the course of business model innovation can be a dynamic capability. Keywords: Business model, Innovation, Entrepreneurship, Internationalization, Business continuit

Exploring Relationship between Software Product Quality Metrics

This research paper aims to explore the relationship between internal and external software quality metrics in order to estimate software quality more accurately. Internal metrics measure the software itself whereas external metrics measure the behavior of the computer based system. Users can select and apply these metrics according to their individual application domain

Nurse-led PMTCT intervention: Enhancing HIV prevention in ` developing countries

In this thesis, we have explored the escalating burden of HIV in developing countries and focused on the nurse’s role in implementing PMTCT (Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission) strategies in rural areas. Discussion has revolved around enhancing nursing integration into formal healthcare systems to prevent HIV transmission from pregnant women to their babies during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Purpose of this thesis is to describe the role of nurses in PMTCT programs and their impact on reducing HIV transmission. The thesis was conducted as a descriptive literature review. Eleven (11) scientific publications were selected for the literature review. The thesis highlighted the nursing practices that can be used to prevent HIV transmission from mother to child in developing countries by analysis of existing scientific studies. To organise the results, findings from databases like CINAHL and PUBMED are summarised in research table. This research demonstrates that nurse-led PMTCT initiatives significantly reduce HIV transmission in developing countries by improving patient education, promoting ART adherence, and integrating family-centred care. It highlights key factors such as the importance of updated training for nurses, addressing stigma, and overcoming resource constraints to enhance the effectiveness of PMTCT programs. The study also explores how nurses contribute to improving maternal decisions regarding HIV testing and treatment adherence, thus highlighting the practical insights to strengthen healthcare support systems for mothers and infants. The literature review has highlighted the significant role nurses play throughout pregnancy in developing countries. Also, by analyzing current findings, this study has tried to provide valuable insights to policymakers about healthcare settings in rural areas