Single-Mode Lasing with Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking from a Perovskite Microdisk Dimer

In this study, we design novel single-mode lasers based on non-Hermitian physics to avoid inadequate mode performance when the free spectral range is small. The perovskite microlaser, consisting of two partly fused microdisks, is presented here. Spontaneous symmetry breaking occurs under uniform pumping, which results in directional single-mode lasing at a visible range with an improved side-mode suppression ratio. In addition, a wide pump range becomes applicable due to microcavity property, where the single mode is stable even at 2.4 times the pumping threshold. The structural design with spontaneous symmetry breaking opens a new route to synthetic single-mode laser systems and other photonic devices at a visible range

I-309, IL-8 and MIG over-expression is stimulated by Mtb antigens (ESAT-6 and CFP-10) in active TB.

<p>Expression of I-309 (A), IL-8 (B), and MIG (C) induced by PBS or specific TB antigens in whole blood displayed a gradual increase from health controls (n = 80) to individuals with LTBI (n = 45), to those with active TB (n = 80). Mean values ± standard error are shown, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01 (Student’s <i>t</i>-test).</p

The arrangement of cytokines and antigens on TB-relate cytokine and TB-specific antigen array.

<p>Mouse anti-humane-IgG IgG was used as positive control and BSA were used as negative control.</p

Up-regulation of I-309, IL-8, and MIG in the serum of active TB patients.

<p>(A-C) quantitative humane cytokine array analysis of peripheral serum samples from health controls (n = 20), individuals with LTBI (n = 20) and patients with active TB (n = 20). Blue, I-309; red, IL-8; yellow, MIG. (D-F) ELISA analysis for the confirmation of I-309, IL-8 and MIG expression in peripheral serum samples from health controls, patients with active TB, and individuals with LTBI or other pulmonary diseases (n = 45 in each group). Mean values ± standard error are shown, * P<0.05; ** P < 0.01 (Student’s <i>t</i>-test).</p

Determination of cut-off values for I-309, IL-8 and MIG in the diagnosis of active TB.

<p>Determination of cut-off values for I-309, IL-8 and MIG in the diagnosis of active TB.</p