Microprofiles of oxygen around <i>Potamogeton malaianus</i> stems and leaves with and without periphyton.

<p>A, C, and E indicate thick periphyton; B, D, and F indicate periphyton removed; G indicates young leaves with little periphyton. Microprofiles were measured at three different points under quantum flux density of 300 µmol photons·m^–2·s^–1 on <i>P. malaianus</i> stems and leaves. The outer surfaces of the periphyton layer are indicated by horizontal bars. The leaf surfaces are indicated by 0. Microprofiles of oxygen around young leaves were not markedly different between the presence of little periphyton and periphyton removed.</p

The estimated O₂ fluxes (μmol·cm^–2·min^–1) through the broad diffusive boundary layer associated to the surface of <i>Potamogeton malaianus</i> according to Fick's first law (n = 3)

<p>Values represent means of triplicates and standard error, respectively. NA, non-applicable.</p

Microprofiles of pH around <i>Potamogeton malaianus</i> stems and leaves with and without periphyton.

<p>A, C, and E, indicate thick periphyton; B, D, and F indicate periphyton removed; G indicates young leaves with a little periphyton. Microprofiles were measured at three different points under quantum flux density of 300 µmol photons·m^–2·s^–1 on <i>P. malaianus</i> stems and leaves. The outer surfaces of the periphyton layer are indicated by horizontal bars. The leaf surfaces are indicated by 0. The microprofiles of pH around young leaves were not markedly different between the presence of little periphyton and periphyton removed.</p

Schematic of oxygen microprofiles around submerged macrophyte leaves with periphyton.

<p>Schematic of oxygen microprofiles around submerged macrophyte leaves with periphyton.</p

Characterization and Inventory of PCDD/F Emissions from the Ceramic Industry in China

The ceramic industry is considered to be a potential source of dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), considering the widespread distribution of dioxins in kaolinitic clays. Nevertheless, studies on the emission of dioxins from the ceramic industry are still very scarce. In this study, raw clays and stack gases from six typical ceramic plants in China were collected and analyzed to estimate the emission of dioxins from the ceramic industry. Dioxin profiles in raw clays were characterized by the domination of the congener octachlorodibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxin (OCDD), and the contents of other congeners declined with the decreasing degree of chlorination. During the ceramic firing process, a considerable amount (16.5–25.1 wt % of the initial quantity in raw clays) of the dioxins was not destroyed and was released to the atmosphere. Dechlorination of OCDD generated a broad distribution within the PCDD congeners including a variety of non-2,3,7,8-substituted ones with the mass abundance of 0.4–3.6%. Based on the mean concentrations measured in this study, the inventory of PCDD/Fs from the manufacturing of ceramics on the Chinese scale was estimated to be 7.94 kg/year; the corresponding value on the I-TEQ basis is 133.6 g I-TEQ/year. This accounts for about 1.34% (I-TEQ basis) of the total emission of dioxins to the environment in China. The results suggest that the ceramic industry is a significant source of dioxins in the environment

Rapid light curves of <i>Potamogeton malaianus</i> with different biomass densities of periphyton.

<p>Values with bars indicate standard deviations, n = 3.</p

The characteristics of periphyton on the leaves and stems of <i>Potamogeton malaianus</i>.

<p>Values represent means of triplicates and standard error, respectively. DW, dry weight;AW, ash weight; FADW, free ash dry weight; Chl a, chlorophyll a; DBL, diffusive boundary layer</p

Hemoptysis recurrence-free duration (RFD) analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method.

<p>Hemoptysis recurrence-free duration (RFD) analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method.</p

Immediate control of bleeding with clinical characteristics.

<p>Immediate control of bleeding with clinical characteristics.</p

Recurrence-free duration and clinical characteristics.

<p><b>RFD: Recurrence-Free Duration; SE: Standard Error; CI: Confidence Interval.</b></p><p><b>Estimated from Cox proportional hazards model.</b></p><p>Recurrence-free duration and clinical characteristics.</p