Controllable Synthesis Heterojunction of g‑C₃N₄ and BiVO₄ to Enhance the Photocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Activity

Heterojunctions formed between semiconductors have been confirmed to efficiently enhance the separation of photogenerated carriers, thereby boosting the photocatalytic activity. However, achieving controllable synthesis of heterojunctions remains a challenge. In this study, g-C3N4 (CN) was positively charged by carefully adjusting the pH of the solution. Subsequently, it was precisely located on the (010) crystal facet of decahedral BiVO4 (BVO) under light irradiation, where photogenerated negative electrons accumulate on the (010) facet of BVO. This process results in the construction of a composite with a heterojunction between CN and the (010) facet of BVO. The optimal photocatalytic oxygen production activity of this composite reaches 2966.9 μmol/g/h, a remarkable 3.3 times better than that of BVO alone. This result shows that the heterojunction can significantly improve the oxygen production activity of the composite photocatalyst. By a combination of the Kubelka–Munk function, Mott–Schottky, and theoretical calculations, we found that the migration of photogenerated electrons from BVO to CN matches well with the S-scheme mechanism. This work provides valuable suggestions and guidance for the precise synthesis of heterojunction photocatalyst and is looking forward to being applied to other materials related to environmental and energy research

Additional file 1 of Patient-centred care and patient autonomy: doctors’ views in Chinese hospitals

Additional file 1. Doctors’ survey

Infrared Saturable Absorption Properties of Tungstenene Nanosheets for Passively Q‑Switched 1.9 μm Solid-State Laser

Tungsten is a transition-metal element that belongs to the VIB group and is one of the 90 naturally occurring elements. In this paper, we prepared tungstenene nanosheets by liquid-phase exfoliation and first demonstrated their nonlinear saturable absorption properties at a 2 μm waveband. The high-performance 1.9 μm passively Q-switched lasers were realized with tungstenene as a saturable absorber, which exhibited the advantages of high repetition rate, short pulse width, and high peak power. Under a pulse pumping mode with a repetition rate of 10 Hz, the single-pulse energy and peak power reached 87.96 μJ and 605.81 W, respectively, which are superior to all two-dimensional (2D) saturable absorbers reported before. These results have shown that tungstenene can be used as a high-quality optical modulator for a 2 μm laser

Supplementary document for Improving fourth harmonic generation performance by elevating operation temperature of ADP crystal - 6873839.pdf

Supplementary materia

Data_Sheet_1_Supplementing Mannan Oligosaccharide Reduces the Passive Transfer of Immunoglobulin G and Improves Antioxidative Capacity, Immunity, and Intestinal Microbiota in Neonatal Goats.docx

Successful establishment of passive immunity (PIT) and regulation of intestinal microbiota are crucial for ruminants to maintain body health and reduce the risk of disease during the neonatal period. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation on passive transfer of immunoglobulin G (IgG), serum inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant levels as well as bacteria composition in the ileal digesta. A total of 14 healthy neonatal Ganxi black goats with similar birth weight (BW: 2.35 ± 0.55 kg) were selected and allocated into two groups, only fed colostrum and milk replacer (CON, n = 7) and supplemented MOS (0.06% of birth BW) in the colostrum and milk replacer (MOS, n = 7). The results indicated that MOS supplementation significantly reduced (p < 0.05) serum IgG level at 3 and 6 h after colostrum feeding. Serum GLP-1 level of goats in the MOS group was significantly lower (p = 0.001) than that in the CON group. Goats in the MOS group had higher serum CAT and lower MDA level than those in the CON group (p < 0.05). Serum anti-inflammatory cytokine level of interleukin 4 (IL-4) was increased (p < 0.05), while pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 level was reduced (p < 0.05) in the MOS group when compared with the CON group. In addition, MOS supplementation remarkably increased (p < 0.05) the level of secretory IgA (sIgA) in the ileal digesta. Principal coordinate analysis of 16S rRNA sequence based on Brinary jaccard, Bray curtis, and weighted UniFrac distance of ileal microbiota showed a distinct microbial differentiation between the CON and MOS groups (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Firmicutes in the MOS group was higher than that in the CON group, while the abundance of Verrucomicrobia was lower in the MOS group than that in the CON group at the phylum level (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Proteobacteria tended to decrease (p = 0.078) in the MOS group at the phylum level. The results of LEfSe analysis showed that MOS group was characterized by a higher relative abundance of Lactobacillus, while the CON group was represented by a higher relative abundance of Akkermansia and Ruminiclostridium_5. Our findings demonstrated that MOS supplementation during the neonatal period increases antioxidant capacity and reduces the inflammatory response, and promotes IgA secretion and Lactobacillus colonization in the ileum. Thus, MOS induced positive effects are more pronounced in neonatal goats that might be an effective approach to maintain intestinal health and improve the surviving rate of neonatal ruminants.</p

DataSheet_1_Overexpression of transcriptional regulator and tailoring enzyme leads to the discovery of anti-inflammatory meroterpenoids from marine-derived fungus Alternaria alternata JJY-32.docx

Four new ACTG-toxins like meroterpenoids tricycloalternarenes O-R were discovered from a marine-derived fungus Alternaria alternata JJY-32 by the overexpression of a LaeA-like global transcriptional regulator and a MpaB-like biosynthetic tailoring enzyme. Among those structures, tricycloalternarene O possesses a non-canonical cyclohexanone-pyran fused furan ring structure and tricycloalternarene R contains a truncated isoprenoid terminal. The structures were elucidated based on comprehensive 1D and 2D NMR data and assisted by ECD calculations. Tricycloalternarenes O-R showed potent anti-inflammatory activity in TLR4-transfected microphage cells (RAW264.7).</p

Additional file 1 of Valtrate, an iridoid compound in Valeriana, elicits anti-glioblastoma activity through inhibition of the PDGFRA/MEK/ERK signaling pathway

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Valtrate inhibits cell proliferation in GBM cells. Figure S2. Valtrate promotes apoptosis in GBM cells via the mitochondrial pathway. Figure S3. Valtrate suppresses migration and invasion of GBM cells. Figure S4. PDGFRA is a potential target downregulated by valtrate in GBM cells. (A) Volcano plot showing the up- and downregulated genes, red and blue colors, respectively, obtained from RNA-seq analysis. Cells were treated with valtrate (U251: 2 μM, GBM#P3: 0.5 μM) for 48 h and RNA was isolated and sequenced. (B) Cell viability of LN229-PDGFRA-OE under the conditions indicated as determined with the CCK-8 assay. (C) Representative images of EdU assays for U251- and LN229-PDGFRA-OE cells under the conditions indicated. Scale bar, 50 μm. (D) Flow cytometry to detect the percentage of apoptotic U251- and GBM#P3-PDGFRA-OE cells under the conditions indicated as determined with annexin V-FITC and PI staining. (E) Representative images of 3D invasion assay for U251- and GBM#P3-PDGFRA-OE PDGFRA cells under the conditions indicated, with or without valtrate. Scale bar, 200 μm. All data are expressed as the mean ± SD of values from triplicate experiments and the differences between groups were analyzed with the Student’s t-test. *p < 0.05. Figure S5. Valtrate elicits anti-GBM activity through inhibition of the PDGFRA/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Figure S6. Valtrate exerts its antitumor effects in vivo

DataSheet1_Folic Acid Attenuates Glial Activation in Neonatal Mice and Improves Adult Mood Disorders Through Epigenetic Regulation.PDF

Growing evidence indicates that postnatal immune activation (PIA) can adversely increase the lifetime risk for several neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression, which involve the activation of glial cells and early neural developmental events. Several glia-targeted agents are required to protect neonates. Folic acid (FA), a clinical medication used during pregnancy, has been reported to have neuroprotective properties. However, the effects and mechanisms of FA in PIA-induced neonatal encephalitis and mood disorders remain unclear. Here, we investigated the roles of FA in a mouse model of PIA, and found that FA treatment improved depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in adults, accompanied by a decrease in the number of activated microglia and astrocytes, as well as a reduction in the inflammatory response in the cortex and hippocampus of neonatal mice. Furthermore, we offer new evidence describing the functional differences in FA between microglia and astrocytes. Our data show that epigenetic regulation plays an essential role in FA-treated glial cells following PIA stimulation. In astrocytes, FA promoted the expression of IL-10 by decreasing the level of EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 at its promoter, whereas FA promoted the expression of IL-13 by reducing the promoter binding of H3K9me3 mediated by KDM4A in microglia. Importantly, FA specifically regulated the expression level of BDNF in astrocytes through H3K27me3. Overall, our data supported that FA may be an effective treatment for reducing mood disorders induced by PIA, and we also demonstrated significant functional differences in FA between the two cell types following PIA stimulation.</p

DataSheet2_Folic Acid Attenuates Glial Activation in Neonatal Mice and Improves Adult Mood Disorders Through Epigenetic Regulation.XLSX

Growing evidence indicates that postnatal immune activation (PIA) can adversely increase the lifetime risk for several neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression, which involve the activation of glial cells and early neural developmental events. Several glia-targeted agents are required to protect neonates. Folic acid (FA), a clinical medication used during pregnancy, has been reported to have neuroprotective properties. However, the effects and mechanisms of FA in PIA-induced neonatal encephalitis and mood disorders remain unclear. Here, we investigated the roles of FA in a mouse model of PIA, and found that FA treatment improved depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in adults, accompanied by a decrease in the number of activated microglia and astrocytes, as well as a reduction in the inflammatory response in the cortex and hippocampus of neonatal mice. Furthermore, we offer new evidence describing the functional differences in FA between microglia and astrocytes. Our data show that epigenetic regulation plays an essential role in FA-treated glial cells following PIA stimulation. In astrocytes, FA promoted the expression of IL-10 by decreasing the level of EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 at its promoter, whereas FA promoted the expression of IL-13 by reducing the promoter binding of H3K9me3 mediated by KDM4A in microglia. Importantly, FA specifically regulated the expression level of BDNF in astrocytes through H3K27me3. Overall, our data supported that FA may be an effective treatment for reducing mood disorders induced by PIA, and we also demonstrated significant functional differences in FA between the two cell types following PIA stimulation.</p

Additional file 2 of SLC25A32 promotes malignant progression of glioblastoma by activating PI3K-AKT signaling pathway

Supplementary Material