A Bio-Based Molecule to Afford a Lithium-Metal Battery by Modification with the Electrode–Electrolyte Interphase

Lithium (Li)-metal batteries with LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) as the cathode are expected to reach excellent energy density batteries, but their performance is still far below what is projected. The key points in these batteries are regarded to be the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI). Here, the bio-based molecule eugenol, a lignin monomer model compound, is used as an effectively modified molecule for establishing SEI and CEI stability for the first time. Lithium-ion (Li+) uniform distribution is encouraged by the strong interaction between the phenolic hydroxyl group and Li+, which suppresses the growth of lithium dendrites. Additionally, eugenol is preferentially reduced to SEI at the anode and oxidized to CEI at the cathode, which lessens the side reaction between the electrolyte and electrode. Maintaining the stability of the electrode–electrolyte interphase helps to prevent materials from collapsing. As a result, the Li/Li cell cycling stability has been improved to 1500 h at 3 mA cm–2, and the capacity retention rate of eugenol@Li/NCM811 batteries has remained at 50% after 500 cycles at 1C

Effect of Hydrogen Addition on Soot Formation and Emission in Acetylene Laminar Diffusion Flame

Hydrogen (H2) has been regarded as a highly competitive alternative fuel that does not produce CO2 and soot during combustion. There are few studies of cofiring H2 with hydrocarbons. Meanwhile, the effect of hydrogen addition on soot formation and emission is questionable. In this study, the effect of H2 addition with varying ratios (between 0 and 50% by molar fraction while the remainder is nitrogen) on soot formation in acetylene (50% by molar fraction) laminar diffusion flames was experimentally and numerically investigated. Results show that with H2 addition, the flame height increases and the temperature decreases. The total soot emission and the primary particle size both increase with H2 addition. The addition of H2 promotes soot formation. In addition, the soot oxidation is weakened due to the lower flame temperature. Chemical kinetic analysis shows that the concentrations of A1, H, and H2O increase with H2 addition, which is consistent with the experimental results. According to the HACA reaction, the increase of the molar fraction of A1 and H radicals could promote PAH growth and soot formation