BIOMETRY OF TWO SYMPATRIC SPECIES OF THE GENUS HYPOCNEMIS (AVES: THAMNO- PHILIDAE) IN SOUTHWESTERN AMAZONIA

Differences in size and shape between sympatric congener species may affect their dominance interactions. In Amazonia, the Pe- ruvian Warbling-Antbird (Hypocnemis peruviana) is partly sympatric with the Yellow-breasted Warbling-Antbird (Hypocnemis subflava). Here, we investigated whether biometric differences exist between H. peruviana and H. subflava, and whether the species are sexually dimorphic. We measured 10 biometric traits in 52 individuals (24 H. peruviana and 28 H. subflava). From the analyses, we conclude that H. peruviana is slightly larger than H. subflava and that this may reflect a certain competitive dominance of the former over the latter. Some biometric traits were also different between the sexes in both species, which may minimize the competition for resources between the sexes

Consumo de frutos de Bactris gasipaes por Caracara plancus en el municipio de Brasiléia, suroeste de la Amazonía, Brasil

The Southern Caracara (Caracara plancus) is a South American falconid that over the years has been colonizing open areas of the Southwestern Amazon. Regarding food habits, it is considered an opportunistic/generalist species. Caracara plancus has a varied diet, composed of animal protein, including carcasses. It also consumes plants, although this behavior appears less frequently in the scientific literature. Here we present a report of a Southern Caracara feeding on peach-palm fruits (Bactris gasipaes) in the rural area of Brasiléia, state of Acre, Brazil. The peach-palm tree is a common species, cultivated for obtaining heart of palm (“palmitos”) and fruits for consumption and regional marketing. Besides being a new food item in the Southern Caracara diet, the observed behavior indicates that C. plancus can potentially become a plague to the regional culture of peach-palm.El caracara carancho (Caracara plancus) es una especie de falcónido sudamericano que ha venido colonizando áreas abiertas del suroeste de la Amazonia. Presenta un hábito alimenticio considerado como oportunista/generalist; su alimentación es variada, compuesta básicamente de proteína animal; incluyendo carcasas. El Caracara carancho también consume materia vegetal, aunque este comportamiento aparezca con menos frecuencia en la literatura científica. Aquí reportamos un individuo de caracara carancho alimentado de frutos de chontaduro (Bactris gasipaes) en la zona rural de la ciudad de Brasiléia; Estado de Acre; Brazil. El chontaduro es una especie cultivada comúnmente para la obtención de palmitos y frutos para consumo y comercialización regional. El presente reporte, además de ser un nuevo item alimentario para el C. plancus, tambien sugiere que C. plancus podría convertirse en una plaga para el cultivo regional del chontaduro

Biología reproductiva y biometría del Myiozetetes c. cayanensis (Aves: Tyrannidae) en el suroeste de la Amazonia brasileña y el período reproductivo en Brasil

Our study provides information on the breeding and biometrics of Rusty-Margined Flycatcher Myiozetetes cayanensis in southwest Brazilian Amazonia. Myiozetetes cayanensis is distributed from Central America until north of South America. We made observations on reproduction and captures of this species in a terra firme forest fragment in the state of Acre, between 1999 and 2020 and we evaluated the breeding season in Brazil through citizen science data. We monitored nine nests between 2012 and 2020, built at a mean height of 1.8 m above ground. Clutch size was two, three or four eggs, incubated for 15 days. We monitored the development of six nestlings: minimum hatch weight was 2 g and young fledged with a mean mass of ca. 25.5 g. The constant growth rate (K) of nestlings was 0.18 with a growth asymptote of 22.8 g. Daily survival rate was 90% and 100% during the incubation and nestling periods, respectively. The Mayfield success in the incubation and nestling periods was 20 and 100%, respectively. Apparent nesting success in the incubation and nestling periods was 46 and 100%, respectively. We recorded a minimum longevity of 2 years, nine months and 26 days. The subspecies M. c. cayanensis start to nest mainly between the dry and rainy season in Brazil, overlapping with the molt period in southwest Amazonia.Nuestro estudio proporciona información sobre la reproducción y la biometría del bienteveo alicastaño Myiozetetes cayanensis en el suroeste de la Amazonia brasileña. Myiozetetes cayanensis se distribuye desde América Central hasta el norte de América del Sur. Realizamos observaciones sobre la reproducción y captura de esta especie en un fragmento de bosque de tierra firme en el estado de Acre, entre 1999 y 2020 y evaluamos la época de reproducción en Brasil mediante datos de ciencia ciudadana. Monitoreamos nueve nidos entre 2012 y 2020, construidos a una altura promedio de 1.8 m sobre el suelo. El tamaño de la puesta fue de dos, tres o cuatro huevos, incubados durante 15 días. Monitoreamos el desarrollo de seis polluelos: el peso mínimo al nacer fue de 2 g y los polluelos con una masa media de ca. 25.5 g. La tasa de crecimiento constante (K) de los polluelos fue de 0.18 con una asíntota de crecimiento de 22.8 g. La tasa de supervivencia diaria fue del 90% y 100% durante los períodos de incubación y cría, respectivamente. El éxito de Mayfield en los períodos de incubación y cría fue de 20 y 100%, respectivamente. El éxito aparente de anidación en los períodos de incubación y polluelo fue de 46 y 100%, respectivamente. Registramos una longevidad mínima de 2 años, nueve meses y 26 días. La subespecie M. c. cayanensis comienzan a anidar principalmente entre la estación seca y lluviosa en Brasil, superponiéndose con el período de muda en el suroeste de la Amazonia

Primeros registros de nidos, crecimiento de polluelos y morfometría de Dendroplex picus peruvianus (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae) en el suroeste de la Amazonía brasileña

We reported the first data on the breeding and growth in Dendroplex picus peruvianus from a forest fragment in southwestern Amazonia. We observed and netted this species between 1999 and 2019. We found two active nests in 2012 and 2013, but we monitored only one. Clutch size was two eggs, incubated for 16 days. The constant growth rate (K) of nestlings was 0.31 with a growth asymptote of 46.3 g. We recorded a longest minimum longevity of eight years. Our records showed that D. p. peruvianus breeds mainly in the rainy season (September–March) overlapping with the molt period.Reportamos los primeros datos sobre la anidación y desarrollo de Dendroplex picus peruvianus en un fragmento de bosque en el suroeste de la Amazonia. Observamos y capturamos esta especie entre 1999 y 2019. Encontramos dos nidos activos en 2012 y 2013, pero monitoreamos solo uno. El tamaño de la camada fue de dos huevos incubados durante 16 días. La tasa de crecimiento constante (K) de los polluelos fue de 0.31 con una asíntota de crecimiento de 46.3 g. Registramos una longevidad mínima de ocho años. Nuestros datos mostraron que D. p. peruvianus se reproduce principalmente en la temporada de lluvias (septiembre–marzo) superponiéndose con el periodo de cambio de pluma

AN UPDATE ON THE BREEDING BIOLOGY AND BIOMETRY OF HAUXWELL’S THRUSH (TURDUS HAUXWELLI) FROM LOWLAND SOUTHWESTERN BRAZILIAN AMAZON

The Neotropical region is home to a large number of species of the genus Turdus. While the breeding biology of this genus is well known in general, data are scant for some Amazonian species, including Hauxwell’s Thrush (Turdus hauxwelli). Here, we present new data on the breeding and biometry of T. hauxwelli based on field observations and captures in a fragment of terra firme forest in southwestern Amazonia, Brazil. We monitored six active nests between 2012 and 2014, and collected data on the incubation and nestling phases on five nests. The nests were built at a mean height of 1.9 m (range: 0.53–3.2 m) above the ground. We estimated incubation time as 13–14 days. We monitored the development of 11 nestlings in four nests. The mean weight of the newly-hatched nestlings was 6.56 g (range: 4.3–9.0 g [SD = 2.27]). The constant (K) of the growth rate in the nestlings was 0.43 (range: 0.31–0.51; SE=0.03), with an asymptote of 51.1 g (range: 45.04 - 62.32; SE= 0.31). The daily survival rate of the nests during the incubation phase was 97%. However, the survival rate during the nestling phase was only 12%. Mayfield’s success was 70% during the incubation phase and 21% during the development of the nestlings, whereas apparent success was 75% in the incubation phase and 27% in the nestling phase. We banded and measured 64 adult individuals, 13 juveniles, and four nestlings in 2005 and between 2009 and 2017. Minimum longevity, calculated from the recapture of banded individuals, was 6 years, 3 months and 11 days (or 2298 days after banding). Our results indicate that T. hauxwelli has a breeding season restricted to a few months of the rainy season (November–March), which overlaps with molt

Registros de reproducción de Leptotila rufaxilla (Aves: Columbidae) en el suroeste de la Amazonia brasileña con notas sobre anidación en algunas regiones de ocurrencia

We present new aspects of breeding biology of Gray-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla, from five nests found between 2012 and 2014 in a lowland forest fragment in southwestern Brazil. The nests simple/platform shape were built at a mean height of 1.90 m above ground. The clutch size was two eggs white and elliptic, incubated for 15 days (based on three nests). We recorded predation in two nests still in incubation phase. Minimum hatch weight of nestlings was 10 g and young fledged with a mean mass of 56 g. The constant growth rate (K) of nestlings was 0.40 with a growth asymptote of 60.7 g. Daily survival rate, Mayfield and apparent nesting success in the incubation period was 90, 20 and 56%, respectively, while in the nestling period were all 100%. Our data and the contribution of citizen science showed that L. rufaxilla breeds over the year, mainly in the rainy season, both in southwestern Amazonia and in other regions of occurrence.Presentamos nuevos aspectos de la biología reproductiva de la Yerutí Colorada Leptotila rufaxilla, de cinco nidos encontrados entre 2012 y 2014 en un fragmento de bosque de tierras bajas en el suroeste de Brasil. Los nidos con forma simple / plataforma se construyeron a una altura media de 1.90 m sobre el suelo. El tamaño de la puesta fue de dos huevos blancos y elípticos, incubados durante 15 días (basado en tres nidos). Registramos depredación en dos nidos aún en fase de incubación. El peso mínimo al nacer de los pichones fue de 10 g y los polluelos dejaron el nido con una masa media de 56 g. La tasa de crecimiento constante (K) de los pichones fue de 0.40 con una asíntota de crecimiento de 60.7 g. La tasa de supervivencia diaria, Mayfield y el éxito aparente de anidación en el período de incubación fue del 90, 20 y 56%, respectivamente, mientras que en el período de cría fueron todos del 100%. Nuestros datos y el aporte de la ciencia ciudadana mostraron que L. rufaxilla se reproduce durante el año, principalmente en la época de lluvias, tanto en el suroeste de la Amazonia como en otras regiones de ocurrencia

Um Novo Espécime do Gênero Octodontobradys (Orophodontidae, Octodontobradyinae) do Mioceno Superior/Plioceno da Amazônia Sul-Ocidental, Brasil

This study presents an almost complete mandible of Octodontobradys sp. from the late Miocene-Pliocene of the Solimões Formation from a locality on the border between Brazil and Bolivia, in southwestern Amazonia. The two almost complete mandibular rami, together with fragments of fossils from other taxa, were found on the left bank of the Abunã River, upriver from the town of Plácido de Castro, in the Brazilian state of Acre. The form of the symphyseal region of the mandible, and the elongated and bilobated outline of the alveoli of the m2-3-4 molariforms place the specimen clearly in the genus Octodontobradys. However, the new specimen differs from O. puruensis in (a) the anterior position of the posterior external aperture of the mandibular canal, and (b) the wider and more anteriorly inclined symphyseal region. The mandible described here represents the first specimen of the genus Octodontobradys found outside of the holotype locality, Talismã, in the Brazilian state of Amazonas and enabled us to emend the diagnoses of Subfamily Octodontobradyinae.Apresenta-se aqui uma mandíbula quase completa de Octodontobradys sp., proveniente do Mioceno superior/Plioceno da Formação Solimões, na fronteira Brasil/Bolívia, sudoeste da Amazônia. Os dois ramos mandibulares quase completos além de outros fragmentos fósseis pertencentes a diferentes táxons foram encontrados na margem esquerda do rio Abunã à montante da cidade de Plácido de Castro, Estado do Acre, Brasil. A forma da região sinfisiária da mandíbula e o contorno alongado e bilobado dos alvéolos dos molariformes m2-3-4 não deixa dúvida de que este novo espécime pertence ao gênero Octodontobradys. Octodontobradys sp difere de O. puruensis pelos seguintes caracteres: (a) abertura do canal mandibular posterior externo situado mais anteriormente e (b) região sinfisiária mais ampla e inclinada anteriormente. A mandíbula descrita aqui representa o primeiro achado de material pertecente ao gênero Octodontobradys fora do sítio Talismã, no Estado do Amazonas, de onde provém o holótipo deste táxon e nos permitiu ampliar a diagnose da Subfamília Octodontobradyinae

translation and cross-cultural adaptation

Publisher Copyright: © 2024 Associação Brasileira de Hematologia, Hemoterapia e Terapia CelularBackground: Alternative approaches have been proposed to ensure a safe and equitable screening process for blood donation that treats all people equally, regardless of gender identity or sexual orientation. The terms ‘neutral approach’ and ‘individualized risk assessment’ have been used to describe this goal. To facilitate research and implementation of these concepts in blood donation contexts and health services in Brazil, we propose a Portuguese version of the ‘for the assessment of individualized risk screening criteria’ (FAIR) screening criteria. Methods: The FAIR screening criteria are 12 questions that assess sex, sexuality, ethnicity, and the extent to which participants engaged in each targeted sexual behavior. The aim of FAIR is to reduce error while increasing reliable and accurate reporting of sexual behaviors associated with both objective and subjective estimates of infection risk. The FAIR screening criteria were translated and cross-culturally adapted using a systematic approach with standardized procedures appropriate for adapting instruments that track behaviors. Results: A version that is appropriate for use with the Brazilian population was produced employing the following steps: expert translations, harmonization, consensus version, expert back-translation, revision, panel of experts, cognitive interviewing, and finalization. Conclusion: The Portuguese version of FAIR was proposed, and because of its straightforward, simple language and focus on specific and frequent behaviors in some populations, it has the potential to be used in a variety of contexts involving the screening of high-risk sexual behavior in Brazil.publishersversioninpres

Estudo retrospectivo da prevalência de malária e do gênero Anopheles na área de influência do reservatório de Itaipu Binacional

The importance of hydroelectric dams beside the human interchange in the maintenance of malarious foci and the occurrence of the Anopheles genus on the Binational Itaipu Reservoir were the main points of this retrospective study. Data were collected from existing registrations at National, State and Municipal Health Departments and literature systematic overview, from January 1984 to December 2003. The occurrence of some outbreak of malaria, mainly by Plasmodium vivax, and the prevalence of species of the Anopheles genus different from Anopheles darlingi in the region are discussed. The malaria in the left bank of Paraná River is a focal problem, which must be approached locally through health, educational and social actions to prevent the continuity of outbreaks in the area. Concomitantly, it is necessary to plan and apply effective surveillance measures in the influence area of the Itaipu Reservoir.A importância de reservatórios de hidroelétricas e do intercâmbio humano na manutenção de focos de malária e a ocorrência do gênero Anopheles no reservatório de Itaipu Binacional foram os pontos destacados neste estudo retrospectivo. Os dados foram coletados de registros existentes em órgãos municipais, estadual e nacional de saúde e por revisão sistemática da literatura, no período de janeiro de 1984 a dezembro de 2003. A ocorrência de alguns surtos de malária, principalmente por Plasmodium vivax, e a prevalência de espécies do gênero Anopheles diferentes de Anopheles darlingi na região foram discutidos. A malária na margem esquerda do rio Paraná é um problema focal que deve ser abordado localmente através de medidas voltadas à saúde, educação e área social que previnam a continuidade da ocorrência de surtos na área. Concomitantemente, é necessário planejar e aplicar medidas efetivas de vigilância epidemiológica na área de influência do reservatório de Itaipu

Economic Opportunist or Partisan Political Cycles? An empirical approach for Brazilian municipalities between 2000 and 2012

This paper investigates the occurrence of Political Business Cycles (PBC) in the Brazilian municipal elections between 2000 and 2012, taking as reference the classical theories of CPE and their derivations. It empirically analyzes the influence of public expenditures, income level and geographic region on re-election of mayors and party successions, to determine which theoretical model best applies to the case of Brazilian cities, whether Opportunist or Partisan. The econometric strategy comprises the application of two Probit models, a panel with random effects and a binary structured as a panel (pooled). It concludes that there is evidence that Opportunistic Political Cycles occur in the Brazilian municipalities during the analyzed period