El nuevo paradigma organizativo en el escenario global y posmoderno

El paradigma empresarial en construcci\uf3n y conformaci\uf3n actualmente, plantea variaciones en la fisonom\ueda estructural y en los valores y concepciones que guiaron, d\ue9cadas atr\ue1s, el funcionamiento de la organizaci\uf3n empresarial. El futuro avizora ya, seg\ufan los indicios y tendencias percibidas en el presente, adem\ue1s del replanteamiento de la idea de empresa, la consolidaci\uf3n de organizaciones que, asumiendo los contornos de la nueva organizaci\uf3n, se diferenciar\ue1 de los valores y objetivos de la cl\ue1sica empresa lucrativa, para alcanzar finalidades en el \ue1mbito del desarrollo social. A trav\ue9s de la revisi\uf3n de fuentes bibliogr\ue1ficas pero fundamentalmente hemeogr\ue1ficas, por el car\ue1cter reciente del fen\uf3meno en estudio, se pudo recopilar informaci\uf3n que plantea la constataci\uf3n de la existencia de experiencias nacionales e internacionales en el \ue1rea de la gerencia no tradicional, as\ued como de los cambios pr\ue1cticos en la manera de abordar el fen\uf3meno organizativo desde la perspectiva de actores no esencialmente empresariales o gubernamentales. En este sentido, el desarrollo de la investigaci\uf3n permiti\uf3 arribar a la afirmaci\uf3n de que la Globalizaci\uf3n, en el plano emp\uedrico-f\ue1ctico y la Posmodernidad, en el plano te\uf3rico-filos\uf3fico, surgen como los dos referentes anal\uedticos para caracterizar la realidad actual, en la cual se insertan las organizaciones empresariales, no gubernamentales y de participaci\uf3n comunitaria en el mundo y en el pa\ueds. La disciplina administrativa debe entonces desarrollar un cuerpo te\uf3rico y pr\ue1ctico que reconozca las especificidades del nuevo paradigma de organizaci\uf3n empresarial, as\ued como las novedosas formas organizativas del sector no lucrativo SUMMARY The entrepreneurial paradigm that is being constructed nowdays, raise variations on the structural physiognomy and in the values and conceptions that led, years ago, the functions of corporate organization. The future is anouncing, through facts and trends which are being seen now, besides the change in the notion of enterpraise, the consolidation of organitations wich will assume this new features, and will be different in its goals and values, from the traditional profitable organization, in order to reach varied purpouses in the fiel of social development, competitiveness and the searching of a more human and balanced makig and distribution of wealth.Thereby, Globatization, in a factual level, and Postmodernity, in a theroretical and philosophical level, emerge as the two analythical references to describe the present context, in which are inserted the entrepeneurial, communal and non-guvernmental organization all over the world, and in Venezuela. Administrative discipline must therefore develop a theoretical and practical knowledge that recognizes the specific features of the new entrepeneurial organization paradigm, as well as the recent organizative forms which are included in the independient, third or non-profit sector, with different values, premises and goals from the related to the traditional notion of enterprise

Validation of smart nanoparticles as controlled drug delivery systems: loading and pH-dependent release of pilocarpine

Micelles are good devices for use as controlled drug delivery systems because they exhibit the ability to protect the encapsulated substance from the routes of degradation until they reach the site of action. The present work assesses loading kinetics of a hydrophobic drug, pilocarpine, in polymeric micellar nanoparticles (NPs) and its pH-dependent release in hydrophilic environments. The trigger pH stimulus, pH 5.5, was the value encountered in damaged tissues in solid tumors. The new nanoparticles were prepared from an amphiphilic block copolymer, [(HEMA19%-DMA31%)-(FMA5%-DEA45%)]. For the present research, three systems were validated, two of them with cross-linked cores and the other without chemical stabilization. A comparison of their loading kinetics and release profiles is discussed, with the support of additional data obtained by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The drug was loaded into the NPs within the first minutes; the load was dependent on the degree of cross-linking. All of the systems experienced a boost in drug release at acidic pH, ranging from 50 to 80% within the first 48 h. NPs with the highest degree (20%) of core cross-linking delivered the highest percentage of drug at fixed times. The studied systems exhibited fine-tuned sustained release features, which may provide a continuous delivery of the drug at specific acidic locations, thereby diminishing side effects and increasing therapeutic rates. Hence, the studied NPs proved to behave as smart controlled drug delivery systems capable of responding to changes in pH.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Bilingüismo

Resumen El estudio de los sustratos neurobiológicos del bilingüismo emerge de los primeros datos sobre pacientes afásicos bilingües y que presentaban una recuperación dispar de sus múltiples idiomas (Pitres, 1895). Muchos anos mas tarde, la hipótesis de los sustratos distintos de uno y otro lenguaje en el cerebro bilingüe, seguía siendo la mejor explicación frente a los distintos patrones de recuperación Palabras Claves: Bilingüismo, Representación Cortical, Metodología. Abstract The research of the neurobiological substrates of bilingualism emerge from the first data of aphasics bilingual patients, who presented a disparate recovery of their multiples languages (Pitres, 1895). Many years later, the hypothesis of the distinct substrates of one and another languages in the bilingual brain, stilled being the best explanation fronting the distinct patterns of recover

Leisure activities for the development of creative intelligence in mathematical problem solving

The present work studies the influence of leisure activities on the creative intelligence of the students. An experimental pre- and post-test design was carried out with individuals selected in a sampling process. The design identifies the ease of students to place themselves in possible contexts and solve them mathematically through Polya’s phases. Two target groups were then located, one of which was applied the independent variable. The results were verified using the variable contrast statistical method, which concluded that leisure activities affect creative intelligence in positive terms, since the experimental group of post-test presented greater success in the entelechy of possible scenarios, facilitating the solving of mathematical problems related to different topicsPeer Reviewe

Propuesta de un Plan Estratégico para la Empresa Tropipalma s.a. del Cantón San Lorenzo, Provincia de Esmeraldas

El objetivo principal de la presente tesis es la propuesta de un Plan Estratégico basado en la teoría y el análisis, previo a un diagnóstico realizado que permitirá establecer falencias y ventajas sirviendo de referente para el mejoramiento y establecimiento de estrategias que servirán para hacer más competitiva a la empresa Tropipalma S.A. y así también convertir sus ventajas comparativas contenidas en el conocimiento único del agricultor y demás factores identificados, en una ventaja competitiva que le sirva de oportunidad para incursionar en mercados interesados en el concepto innovador, ecológico, ambiental, social, económico y cultural que el cultivo de Palma Africana contiene. Para el desarrollo, se ha utilizado tanto la investigación bibliográfica basada en un análisis de información secundaria que respalde la investigación, así como una investigación de campo que permita obtener información primaria para analizar la situación actual, para ello se ha realizado encuestas y un taller FODA que han permite fortalecer los resultados y direccionar al estudio a recomendaciones precisas.The main objective of this thesis is the proposal of a strategic plan based on the theory and analysis, prior to a diagnosis made it possible to establish shortcomings and advantages as referent for the improvement and development of strategies that will help to make more competitive Tropipalma company SA and so also convert its comparative advantages contained in the unique knowledge of the farmer and other factors identified in a competitive advantage that will serve as an opportunity to enter markets interested in the innovative concept, ecological, environmental, social, economic and cultural cultivation African Palm contains. For development, we used both library research based on an analysis of secondary data to support research and field research to obtain primary information to analyze the current situation, for it has conducted surveys and SWOT workshop who can strengthen the study results and to address specific recommendations

Gobernanza e Interculturalidad del Neoindigenismo Mexicano, desde los Yoreme Mayo de Sinaloa

In the context of the Yoreme Mayo ethno-region of Sinaloa, It is presented an analysis of Mexican neo-indigenousism. This emerged at same time as the incorporation of governance as a public administration strategy and the intensification of interculturality, mainly in education. It is described through a multi-method development, with a predominance of the chronological historical method, a) interculturality and the governmental community as supra-concepts that minimize the indigenous question, b) changes in national and state legislation, c) the increase of indigenous control agencies and institutions, d) the diversity of educational systems serving communities. In addition, the strategies that this governance has presented are determined.Se presenta, en el contexto de la etnoregión yoreme mayo de Sinaloa, un análisis del neoindigenismo mexicano que surgió a la par de la incorporación de la gobernanza como estrategia de administración pública y la intensificación de la interculturalidad, principalmente en la educación. A través de un desarrollo multi-método con predominio del método histórico cronológico se describen a) la interculturalidad y la comunidad gubernamentales como supra-conceptos que minimizan la cuestión indígena, b) los cambios en la legislación nacional y estatal, c) el aumento de organismos e instituciones de control indígena, d) la diversidad de sistemas educativos atendiendo las comunidades. Además, se determinan las estrategias que esta gobernanza ha presentado.&nbsp

Una visión sociointercultural del ausentismo intermitente de Yoremes y Mestizos en la UAIM

A partir de la dinámica específica de la conformación multicultural indígena de la Universidad Autónoma Indígena de México, se está replanteando la deserción por el concepto de ausentismo intermitente, que se estudia a través de dimensiones sociales y culturales en los grupos étnicos yoreme y mestizos durante el periodo 2006-2007. Se concluye que el contexto sociointercultural crea tensiones de tal forma que los estudiantes se ven obligados a ausentarse intermitentemente de este centro que se encuentra en el dilema de orientarse como una institución convencional o cambiar sus políticas para ajustarse a la realidad de su población objetivo.A partir de la dinámica específica de la conformación multicultural indígena de la Universidad Autónoma Indígena de México, se está replanteando la deserción por el concepto de ausentismo intermitente, que se estudia a través de dimensiones sociales y culturales en los grupos étnicos yoreme y mestizos durante el periodo 2006-2007. Se concluye que el contexto sociointercultural crea tensiones de tal forma que los estudiantes se ven obligados a ausentarse intermitentemente de este centro que se encuentra en el dilema de orientarse como una institución convencional o cambiar sus políticas para ajustarse a la realidad de su población objetivo

Online Article Comprehension in Monolingual Spanish-Speaking Preschoolers with Specific Language Impairment: A Language-Mediated Visual Attention Study

Article production difficulties in Spanish-speaking children with specific language impairment (SLI) are well documented. However, evidence on article comprehension is scarce. In an eye tracking experiment, we compared online comprehension of definite and indefinite articles in monolingual Spanish- speaking children with SLI and children with typical language development (TLD) matched for age. Children listened to simple phrases while inspecting a visual context with four images. The article in the phrase agreed in number and gender with the target image only. Visual target preference was monitored as the phrase unfolded. Eye movements revealed that children with SLI showed a weak preference for the target on indefinite article trials only after hearing the noun, although no significant effects of definiteness were observed. In contrast, children with TLD were able to use the article to anticipate the noun. These findings contribute to reducing the gap between article production and comprehension in children with SLI