Efficient and Selective Syntheses of (all-<i>E</i>)- and (6<i>E</i>,10<i>Z</i>)-2′-<i>O</i>-Methylmyxalamides D via Pd-Catalyzed Alkenylation−Carbonyl Olefination Synergy

Highly efficient and selective syntheses of both (all-E) and (6E,10Z)-isomers of 2′-O-methylmyxalamide D (2 and 3), in which the crucial conjugated pentaene moieties were assembled in ≥98% stereoselectivity through the use of two Pd-catalyzed alkenylation reactions, the Horner−Wadsworth−Emmons (HWE) olefination, and either the Corey−Schlessinger−Mills modified (CSM-modified) Peterson olefination for 2 or the Still−Gennari olefination for 3, are reported. Either 2 or 3 was prepared in 16% yield in seven steps from propargyl alcohol

Combination of chemotherapy and immune checkpoint therapy by the immunoconjugates-based nanocomplexes synergistically improves therapeutic efficacy in SCLC

Although the etoposide and carboplatin (EP) combination strategy has been the first-line chemotherapy, patients with extensive-stage disease small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) still have poor survival outcomes. Our retrospective analysis revealed that 46 patients with SCLC only achieved medium overall survival (OS) of 11.6 months after treated by EP. Recently, it was demonstrated that combination therapy of PD1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blocker and EP could significantly improve the OS of SCLC patients. However, the serious treatment-related toxicity leaded to a high rate of treatment-discontinuation or even death. In the present study, we have developed a novel TPP1-conjugated nanocomplex, abbreviated as TPP1NP-EP, which was co-loaded with carboplatin (CBP) and etoposide (VP16). The TPP1 was a PD-L1 targeting peptide and conjugated on the surface of nanocomplex by a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2/9)-cleavable peptide linker sequence PLGLAG. For dual-loading of CBP and VP16, the CBP was chemically conjugated with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)–poly(caprolactone) (PCL) by pH-sensitive hydrazone bond and the VP16 was physically encapsulated by emulsion-solvent evaporation method. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated an excellent anti-tumor effect of TPP1NP-EP on SCLC and improved safety. In conclusion, the present study has provided a promising strategy for treatment of malignant SCLC.</p

Table_1_Intensified sensitivity and adaptability of zooplankton Bosminidae in subtropical shallow freshwater lakes with increasing trophic level.XLSX

The deterioration in lake water environments, especially increasing lake eutrophication, is prevalent all over the world, which has seriously affected the balance and stability of the internal ecosystem of lakes. In this study, modern water and sediment samples were collected from three subtropical freshwater lakes with significant differences in nutrient levels to analyze the concentration of the zooplankton Cladocera Bosminidae and its relationship with lakes’ ecological changes. The results show that the deterioration in lake water environments caused by increasing eutrophication limits the survival of most zooplankton. However, the Bosminidae shows a positive adaptability to eutrophication and high sensitivity to the changes in the lake environment. In addition, the lake eutrophication process caused by the intensification of human activities enhances the survival advantage of Bosminidae with more food sources, which is more conducive to its rapid reproduction.</p

Tetrahydroxydiboron and Nickel Chloride Cocatalyzed Rapid Radical Cyclization toward Pyrrolizidine and Indolizidine Alkaloids

A novel tetrahydroxydiboron and nickel chloride cocatalyzed radical cyclization cascade with a broad substrate scope and an ultrashort reaction time was developed. The mechanistic investigation indicated that the reaction might involve a homocleavage of tetrahydroxydiboron and nickel hydride intermediates. This approach enables the simple and efficient synthesis of a series of heteropolycycles

Effect of Ash on Coal Combustion Performance and Kinetics Analysis

In order to explain the influence of the coal ash on the combustion characteristics of coal, the physical and chemical structures of pulverized coal with different ash contents were compared and analyzed, and the combustion characteristics and kinetics of pulverized coal were systematically studied by non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the physical and chemical structure of the deashed coal is not significantly changed compared with the raw coal. The combustion process of the deashed coal gradually moves to the high temperature zone, and the combustion performance is obviously weakened. The comprehensive combustion characteristic parameters of the three samples can be arranged as: raw coal > primary deashed coal > secondary deashed coal. In this study, the RNGM model was used to analyze the combustion kinetics of pulverized coal, and the fitting effect is good. And there is a significant kinetic compensation effect in the combustion process. After calculation, the activation energy value of the samples is between 16.15~29.51 kJ/mol. The RNGM model can effectively characterize the various stages of the combustion reaction and validate the experimental results.</p

3D Carbon-Based Conductive Network Printed for Glucose Sensors on Curved and Flexible Substrates

The rising prevalence of diabetes has led to an increased focus on real-time glucose monitoring. Wearable glucose sensor patches allow noninvasive, real-time monitoring, reducing patient discomfort compared to invasive sensors. However, most existing glucose sensor patches rely on complex and contaminating metal vapor deposition technologies, which pose limitations in practical production. In this study, we propose a novel approach for preparing graphite/multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using a high-viscosity ink, which can be easily obtained through simple mechanical stirring. To create intricate patterns and enable printing on curved substrates, we employed a 3D printer equipped with an infrared laser ranging system. The ink served as a working electrode, and we developed a three-electrode system patch with a concentric circle structure. Subsequently, the working electrode underwent enzymatic modification with glucose dehydrogenase with flavin adenine dinucleotide (GDH-FAD) using a polymer embedding method. The resulting wearable glucose sensor exhibited a sensitivity of 2.42 μA mM–1 and a linear detection range of 1–12 mM. In addition, the glucose sensor has excellent anti-interference capability and demonstrates good repeatability in simulated real human wear scenarios, which meets the requirements for accurate human detection. These findings provide valuable insights into the development of human health monitoring technologies