Convergence value of different cross points.

<p>Convergence value of different cross points.</p

Experimental research on the structural instability mechanism and the effect of multi-echelon support of deep roadways in a kilometre-deep well - Fig 8

<p>Figure about (a) making roadway model; and (b) laying strain gauge.</p

Experimental research on the structural instability mechanism and the effect of multi-echelon support of deep roadways in a kilometre-deep well - Fig 12

<p>Bearing structure in cross point 2 without support when the horizontal press coefficient is (a) <i>λ</i> = 1; (b) <i>λ</i> = 1.5; and (c) <i>λ</i> = 2.</p

Scope of bearing structure under multi-echelon support.

<p>Scope of bearing structure under multi-echelon support.</p

Land degradation in the Oromiya highlands in Ethiopia: Community and household perspectives on the nature, causes and policy implications

Poverty, malnutrition, low agricultural productivity, severe land degradation, shortage of water and fuel wood are common problems in the highlands of Ethiopia. A complex set of natural, political, and socio- economic factors have been responsible for the degradation of land resources. This study was conducted to characterize the nature of land use practices, nature and extent of land degradation in the highlands, assess the causes of land use change and land degradation, identify knowledge gaps and some options about the possible pathways of overcoming the problems and improve agricultural productivity. This study shows that the perspectives of local communities and households about the dynamics of land use, management and the degradation process and possible solutions are very useful and practical contribution to the research, extension and policy making community as well as the generality of citizens in the region

Experimental research on the structural instability mechanism and the effect of multi-echelon support of deep roadways in a kilometre-deep well - Fig 20

<p>Surrounding rock burst development in cross point 1 with multi-echelon support when horizontal press coefficient is (a) <i>λ</i> = 1; (b) <i>λ</i> = 1.5; and (c) <i>λ</i> = 2.</p

Experimental research on the structural instability mechanism and the effect of multi-echelon support of deep roadways in a kilometre-deep well - Fig 13

<p>Multi-echelon support design of the cross point 1 when the horizontal press coefficient is (a) <i>λ</i> = 1; (b) <i>λ</i> = 1.5; and (c) <i>λ</i> = 2.</p

Experimental research on the structural instability mechanism and the effect of multi-echelon support of deep roadways in a kilometre-deep well - Fig 1

<p>Maximum structural fracture of (a) deep hard roadway; and (b) deep soft roadway.</p

Range of fracture zones of surrounding rock.

<p>Range of fracture zones of surrounding rock.</p

Experimental research on the structural instability mechanism and the effect of multi-echelon support of deep roadways in a kilometre-deep well - Fig 9

<p>Multi-echelon support design of (a) excavation roadway; (b) first-layer support; (c) second-layer support; and (d) third-layer support.</p