Physiochemical characteristics of soil fulvic acids in the NPK and M treatments^*.

<p>*Note: Significance was determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post hoc tests, where conditions of normality and homogeneity of variance were met, means (<i>n</i> = 3) followed by different letters indicate significant differences between treatments at <i>P</i><0.05. Abbreviations: NPK, chemical nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; SM, swine manure; SOC, soil organic carbon; DOC, dissolved organic carbon; EC, electricity conductivity.</p

One-dimensional FTIR spectra of soil FAs from the NPK (a) and M (b) treatments during a long-term (i.e., 22-year) fertilization experiment.

<p>NPK, chemical nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; SM, swine manure.</p

Synchronous 2D correlation maps generated from the FTIR spectra of soil FAs in the NPK (a, c and e) and SM (b, d and f) treatments with Al.

<p>Red represents positive correlation, and blue represents negative correlation; a higher color intensity indicates a stronger positive or negative correlation. NPK, chemical nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; SM, swine manure.</p

CLV3-QD localizes to the cell membrane of <i>Arabidopsis</i> root protoplasts.

<p>A. Bright field of control cells with QDs; B. fluorescent field of control cells incubated with QDs. After incubation, the probes were washed and no fluorescence was observed; C. Bright field of cells incubated with CLV3-QD probes; D. fluorescent field of C; after incubation, the probes were washed and a green fluorescent circle was observed at the membrane of the cells. Scale bar, 50 µm.</p

Time course of full wavelength scanning of TGA-capped CdTe QDs.

<p>Time course of full wavelength scanning of TGA-capped CdTe QDs.</p

Peptide modification reduces the cytotoxicity of QDs. Data are the means of three independent replicates ± Standard Error (SE).

<p>Peptide modification reduces the cytotoxicity of QDs. Data are the means of three independent replicates ± Standard Error (SE).</p

Zero-coupling procedure for conjunction of the CLAVATA3 (CLV3) dodecapeptide and CdTe QDs.

<p>Zero-coupling procedure for conjunction of the CLAVATA3 (CLV3) dodecapeptide and CdTe QDs.</p

Schematic of stem cell niche organization and maintenance in the plant shoot apical meristem (SAM) and root apical meristem (RAM).

<p>This conserved pathway involves feedback regulation of transcription by CLE dodecapeptides. The organizing center (OC) in SAM stem cell niche and the quiescent center (QC) in RAM stem cell niche are indicated in red in the diagram (Adapted from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0089241#pone.0089241-Murphy1" target="_blank">[3]</a>).</p

Absorption and fluorescence spectra of thiol-capped CdTe QDs in aqueous solution.

<p>Absorption and fluorescence spectra of thiol-capped CdTe QDs in aqueous solution.</p

Neutral cholic acid–coumarin conjugate exhibit excellent anion binding properties by cooperative aryl CH and amide NH segments

<p>A neutral cholic acid–coumarin conjugate was developed for anion recognition. It is revealed by the experimental and theoretical results that the coumarin group can provide CH segments as hydrogen bond donors by cooperation with the adjoining amide NH segments. With excellent biocompatibility, this receptor with coumarin as fluorescence sensors also have the potential to be used as an efficient and non-destructive probe for anion detection in living cells. This work displays a new insight into the importance of coumarin group as anion recognition group, which is not well presented so far.</p