DataSheet1_Blood cell traits and risk of glaucoma: A two-sample mendelian randomization study.ZIP

Importance: Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world. The causal direction and magnitude of the association between blood cell traits and glaucoma is uncertain because of the susceptibility of observational studies to confounding and reverse causation.Objective: To explore whether there is a causal relationship of blood cell traits including white blood cell (WBC) count (WBCC) and its subtypes [basophil cell count (BASO), monocyte cell count (MONO), lymphocyte cell count (LYMPH), eosinophil cell count (EOS), neutrophil cell count (NEUT)], red blood cell (RBC) count (RBCC), red blood distribution width (RDW), platelet count (PLT), and plateletcrit (PCT) on glaucoma risk.Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted. Genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on human blood cell traits were utilized as exposure instruments and the dataset for outcome was from the GWAS summary data of glaucoma. In the univariable MR analysis, we examined the association between genetic evidence of blood cell traits and glaucoma. To further investigate the potential causal mechanisms underlying the observed association, we performed multivariable MR analysis with three models, taking into account the mediator effect of inflammation and oxidative stress. According to Bonferroni-corrected for the 10 exposures in 3 methods, the MR study yielded a statistically significant p-value of 0.0017.Results: Genetically BASO, PCT, LYMPH, and PLT were potentially positively associated with glaucoma in the European ancestry [BASO: Odds ratio (OR) = 1.00122, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00003–1.00242, p = 0.045; PCT: OR = 1.00078, 95% CI, 1.00012–1.00143, p = 0.019; LYMPH: OR = 1.00076, 95% CI, 1.00002–1.00151, p = 0.045; PLT: OR = 1.00065, 95% CI, 1.00006–1.00123, p = 0.030], There was insufficient evidence to support a causal association of MONO, NEUT, EOS, WBCC, RBCC and RDW (MONO: OR = 1.00050, p = 0.098; NEUT: OR = 1.00028, p = 0.524; EOS: OR = 1.00020, p = 0.562; WBCC: OR = 1.00008, p = 0.830; RBCC: OR = 0.99996, p = 0.920; RDW: OR = 0.99987, p = 0.734) with glaucoma. The multivariable MR with model 1, 2, and 3 demonstrated that BASO, PCT, LYMPH, and PLT were still potentially genetically associated with the risk of glaucoma.Conclusion: Our study reveals a genetic predisposition to higher LYMPH, BASO, PLT, and PCT are associated with a higher risk of glaucoma, whereas WBCC, MONO, EOS, NEUT, RBCC, and RDW are not associated with the occurrence of glaucoma. This finding also supports previous observational studies associating immune components with glaucoma, thus provide guidance on the predication and prevention for glaucoma.</p

Hydrogen-Bonded Aryl Amide Macrocycles: Synthesis, Single-Crystal Structures, and Stacking Interactions with Fullerenes and Coronene

Six hydrogen-bonded shape-persistent aryl amide macrocycles have been prepared by using one-step and (for some) step-by-step approaches. From the one-step reactions, 3 + 3, 2 + 2, or even 1 + 1 macrocycles were obtained in modest to good yields. The reaction selectivity was highly dependent on the structures of the precursors. The X-ray structural analysis of two methoxyl-bearing macrocycles revealed intramolecular hydrogen bonding and weak intermolecular stacking interaction; no column-styled stacking structures were observed. The 1H (DOSY) NMR, UV−vis, and fluorescent experiments indicated that the new rigidified macrocycles complex fullerenes or coronene in chloroform through intermolecular π-stacking interaction. The association constants of the corresponding 1:1 complexes have been determined if the stacking was able to cause important fluorescent quenching of the macrocycles or coronene

Hydrogen-Bonded Aryl Amide Macrocycles: Synthesis, Single-Crystal Structures, and Stacking Interactions with Fullerenes and Coronene

Six hydrogen-bonded shape-persistent aryl amide macrocycles have been prepared by using one-step and (for some) step-by-step approaches. From the one-step reactions, 3 + 3, 2 + 2, or even 1 + 1 macrocycles were obtained in modest to good yields. The reaction selectivity was highly dependent on the structures of the precursors. The X-ray structural analysis of two methoxyl-bearing macrocycles revealed intramolecular hydrogen bonding and weak intermolecular stacking interaction; no column-styled stacking structures were observed. The 1H (DOSY) NMR, UV−vis, and fluorescent experiments indicated that the new rigidified macrocycles complex fullerenes or coronene in chloroform through intermolecular π-stacking interaction. The association constants of the corresponding 1:1 complexes have been determined if the stacking was able to cause important fluorescent quenching of the macrocycles or coronene

Hydrogen-Bonded Aryl Amide Macrocycles: Synthesis, Single-Crystal Structures, and Stacking Interactions with Fullerenes and Coronene

Six hydrogen-bonded shape-persistent aryl amide macrocycles have been prepared by using one-step and (for some) step-by-step approaches. From the one-step reactions, 3 + 3, 2 + 2, or even 1 + 1 macrocycles were obtained in modest to good yields. The reaction selectivity was highly dependent on the structures of the precursors. The X-ray structural analysis of two methoxyl-bearing macrocycles revealed intramolecular hydrogen bonding and weak intermolecular stacking interaction; no column-styled stacking structures were observed. The 1H (DOSY) NMR, UV−vis, and fluorescent experiments indicated that the new rigidified macrocycles complex fullerenes or coronene in chloroform through intermolecular π-stacking interaction. The association constants of the corresponding 1:1 complexes have been determined if the stacking was able to cause important fluorescent quenching of the macrocycles or coronene

Additional file 3 of mTOR may interact with PARP-1 to regulate visible light-induced parthanatos in photoreceptors

Additional file 2: Supplementary Figure Legends. Figure S1. SIRT1 mRNA levels decreased in light-damaged 661 W cells compared to control cells. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of SIRT1 mRNA expression. β-ACTIN was used as an endogenous control. SIRT1 expression levels were normalized to the mean expression levels of β-ACTIN. Lt: 1500 lx light exposure for 72 h. All experiments were repeated in triplicate and the results are shown as the means ± SEM (***: P < 0.001). Figure S2. PARP-1 / mTOR knockdown caused up-regulation of SIRT1 activity, while EX527 treatment reduced it. Cells were pretreated with 150 μM EX527/vehicle for 6 h and the cultures in fresh media were then exposed to 1500 lx light for 72 h. SIRT1 activity in the nuclear extracts was measured using the Epigenase Universal SIRT Activity Assay Kit, since SIRT1 mainly locates in nucleus. Scramble: cells were transfected with scrambled shRNA as negative controls; mTOR KD: cells with mTOR knockdown; PARP-1 KD: cells with PARP-1 knockdown; Lt: 1500 lx light exposure for 72 h; EX527: a SIRT1 inhibitor. All experiments were repeated in triplicate and the results are shown as the means ± SEM (**: P < 0.01, ***: P < 0.001

Additional file 2 of mTOR may interact with PARP-1 to regulate visible light-induced parthanatos in photoreceptors

Additional file 1. Supplementary Materials and Method