Thermoelectric transport and Peltier cooling of cold atomic gases

This brief review presents the emerging field of mesoscopic physics with cold atoms, with an emphasis on thermal and 'thermoelectric' transport, i.e. coupled transport of particle and entropy. We review in particular the comparison between theoretically predited and experimentally observed thermoelectric effects in such systems. We also show how combining well designed transport properties and evaporative cooling leads to an equivalent of the Peltier effect with cold atoms, which can be used as a new cooling procedure with improved cooling power and efficiency compared to the evaporative cooling currently used in atomic gases. This could lead to a new generation of experiments probing strong correlation effects of ultracold fermionic atoms at low temperatures.Comment: 33 pages, 9 figures, Review. To be published in the special issue "Mesoscopic Thermoelectric Phenomena" of C. R. Physique 17 (2016

Decoherence and relaxation of single electron excitations in quantum Hall edge channels

A unified approach to decoherence and relaxation of energy resolved single electron excitations in Integer Quantum Hall edge channels is presented. Within the bosonization framework, relaxation and decoherence induced by interactions and capacitive coupling to an external linear circuit are computed. An explicit connexion with high frequency transport properties of a two terminal device formed by the edge channel on one side and the linear circuit on the other side is established.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Integer and fractional charge Lorentzian voltage pulses analyzed in the frame of Photon-assisted Shot Noise

The periodic injection $n$ of electrons in a quantum conductor using periodic voltage pulses applied on a contact is studied in the energy and time-domain using shot noise computation in order to make comparison with experiments. We particularly consider the case of periodic Lorentzian voltage pulses. When carrying integer charge, they are known to provide electronic states with a minimal number of excitations, while other type of pulses are all accompanied by an extra neutral cloud of electron and hole excitations. This paper focuses on the low frequency shot noise which arises when the pulse excitations are partitioned by a single scatterer in the framework of the Photo Assisted Shot Noise (PASN) theory. As a unique tool to count the number of excitations carried per pulse, shot noise reveals that pulses of arbitrary shape and arbitrary charge show a marked minimum when the charge is integer. Shot noise spectroscopy is also considered to perform energy-domain characterization of the charge pulses. In particular it reveals the striking asymmetrical spectrum of Lorentzian pulses. Finally, time-domain information is obtained from Hong Ou Mandel like noise correlations when two trains of pulses generated on opposite contacts collide on the scatterer. As a function of the time delay between pulse trains, the noise is shown to measure the electron wavepacket autocorrelation function for integer Lorentzian thanks to electron antibunching. In order to make contact with recent experiments all the calculations are made at zero and finite temperature

Plasmon scattering approach to energy exchange and high frequency noise in nu=2 quantum Hall edge channels

Inter-edge channel interactions in the quantum Hall regime at filling factor nu= 2 are analyzed within a plasmon scattering formalism. We derive analytical expressions for energy redistribution amongst edge channels and for high frequency noise, which are shown to fully characterize the low energy plasmon scattering. In the strong interaction limit, the predictions for energy redistribution are compared with recent experimental data and found to reproduce most of the observed features. Quantitative agreement can be achieved by assuming 25 % of the injected energy is lost towards other degrees of freedom, possibly the additional gapless excitations predicted for smooth edge potentials.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Electron quantum optics in quantum Hall edge channels

In this paper, we review recent developments in the emerging field of electron quantum optics, stressing analogies and differences with the usual case of photon quantum optics. Electron quantum optics aims at preparing, manipulating and measuring coherent single electron excitations propagating in ballistic conductors such as the edge channels of a 2DEG in the integer quantum Hall regime. Because of the Fermi statistics and the presence of strong interactions, electron quantum optics exhibits new features compared to the usual case of photon quantum optics. In particular, it provides a natural playground to understand decoherence and relaxation effects in quantum transport.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures. To appear in the proceedings of StatPhys 24 satellite conference on "International Conference on Frustrated Spin Systems, Cold Atoms and Nanomaterials" held in Hanoi (14-16 July 2010

miRNA-dependent target regulation: functional characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms identified in genome-wide association studies of Alzheimer’s disease

Other miRNA targeting sites identified by less stringent analysis near rs7143400-C/G, rs2847655-T/C, rs610923-C/A and rs9909-G/C. A summary of the genes, PolymiRTSs, effects of minor alleles, targeting miRNAs and miRNA expression alterations observed in AD (when available; refer to the cited references). The grayed miRNAs were also found in the stringent screening described in Fig. 2a in the main text. (XLS 23 kb