Zionist Ideology and the Translation of Hebrew

Zionist Ideology and the Translation of Hebrew — Thelanguage used by the author of a text may be of ideological significance, and this is a feature that may be lost in translation. As with many languages associated with relatively small, emergent nationalities, the choice to write in modern Hebrew may be related to a nationalist ideology, in this case, Zionism. This article maintains that the creation of Hebrew is similar to the creation of other minority languages, whose use is restricted to a relatively small population of native speakers, as opposed to world languages, widely known and used by people of many countries. The development and use of a minority language is an expression of self-assertion that entails a degree of isolation. This article examines a novel by a contemporary Israeli novelist, Aharon Megged, and explores the ideological significance of its being written in Hebrew as a literary feature of the novel. It notes the aspects of that ideological significance that would be lost in translation and suggests that translators should be aware of this issue.Un aspect idéologique de la traduction — La langue d'écriture employée pour une oeuvre peut avoir une connotation idéologique, susceptible d'être perdue en traduction. Comme c'est le cas lorsqu'il s'agit de langues associées à des nationalités émergentes et plutôt restreintes, le choix d'écrire en hébreu moderne peut être lié à une idéologie nationaliste (le sionisme). Cet article soutient que la création de l'hébreu moderne est semblable à celle d'autres langues minoritaires, qui sont les langues maternelles de communautés relativement peu nombreuses, à la différence des quelques langues très largement répandues et non limitées à un seul pays. Le développement et l'usage d'une langue minoritaire sont l'expression d'une affirmation de soi qui entraîne un certain isolement. L'auteur étudie une oeuvre du romancier israélien Aharon Megged et fait état de la signification idéologique de la langue d'écriture (l'hébreu moderne) en tant qu'élément littéraire du roman. Il note les aspects de cette signification qui seraient gommés par la traduction et souligne que les traducteurs doivent être conscients de ce problème

Grammar and Inferences of Rationality in Interpreting the Child Pornography Statute

On November 29, 1994, the U.S. Supreme Court decided United States v. X-Citement Video, Inc., a case which sharply divided participants at the symposium conference. Our discussion here re-constitutes the linguistic analysis which was reduced to a summary in the amicus brief filed by the Law and Linguistics Consortium in that case, and explores the issues which the conclusion of that analysis raised at the symposium

I-Brane Inflow and Anomalous Couplings on D-Branes

We show that the anomalous couplings of $D$-brane gauge and gravitational fields to Ramond-Ramond tensor potentials can be deduced by a simple anomaly inflow argument applied to intersecting $D$-branes and use this to determine the eight-form gravitational coupling.Comment: 8 pages, harvmac, no figure

The Self-Dual String and Anomalies in the M5-brane

We study the anomalies of a charge $Q_2$ self-dual string solution in the Coulomb branch of $Q_5$ M5-branes. Cancellation of these anomalies allows us to determine the anomaly of the zero-modes on the self-dual string and their scaling with $Q_2$ and $Q_5$. The dimensional reduction of the five-brane anomalous couplings then lead to certain anomalous couplings for D-branes.Comment: 13 pages, Harvmac, refs adde

Bayesian Conditioning, the Reflection Principle, and Quantum Decoherence

The probabilities a Bayesian agent assigns to a set of events typically change with time, for instance when the agent updates them in the light of new data. In this paper we address the question of how an agent's probabilities at different times are constrained by Dutch-book coherence. We review and attempt to clarify the argument that, although an agent is not forced by coherence to use the usual Bayesian conditioning rule to update his probabilities, coherence does require the agent's probabilities to satisfy van Fraassen's [1984] reflection principle (which entails a related constraint pointed out by Goldstein [1983]). We then exhibit the specialized assumption needed to recover Bayesian conditioning from an analogous reflection-style consideration. Bringing the argument to the context of quantum measurement theory, we show that "quantum decoherence" can be understood in purely personalist terms---quantum decoherence (as supposed in a von Neumann chain) is not a physical process at all, but an application of the reflection principle. From this point of view, the decoherence theory of Zeh, Zurek, and others as a story of quantum measurement has the plot turned exactly backward.Comment: 14 pages, written in memory of Itamar Pitowsk

Primer Extension Capture: Targeted Sequence Retrieval from Heavily Degraded DNA Sources

We present a method of targeted DNA sequence retrieval from DNA sources which are heavily degraded and contaminated with microbial DNA, as is typical of ancient bones. The method greatly reduces sample destruction and sequencing demands relative to direct PCR or shotgun sequencing approaches. We used this method to reconstruct the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes of five Neandertals from across their geographic range. The mtDNA genetic diversity of the late Neandertals was approximately three times lower than that of contemporary modern humans. Together with analyses of mtDNA protein evolution, these data suggest that the long-term effective population size of Neandertals was smaller than that of modern humans and extant great apes

Combined Spatial Filter and Relay Systems in Rotating Compensator Ellipsometer/Polimeter

Low aberration relay systems modified to perform as spatial filters in rotating compensator ellipsometer, polarimeter and the like systems

ROTATING OR ROTATABLE COMPENSATOR SYSTEMI PROVIDING ABERATION CORRECTED ELECTROMAGNETIC RAADATION TO A SPOT ON A SAMPLE AT MULTIPLE ANGLES OF ANCIDENCE

The present invention relates to ellipsometer systems, and more particularly to ellipsometer systems comprising trans missive rotating or stepwise rotatable compensators for continuously or step-wise varying polarization states and further comprising transmissive multi-element lens focusing of a spectroscopic electromagnetic beam into a small, chromatically relatively undispersed area spot on a sample system. The ellipsometer system optionally is present in an environmental control chamber

Comparing supermarket loyalty card data with traditional diet survey data for understanding how protein is purchased and consumed in older adults for the UK, 2014-16

The project was funded by the Research Councils UK ‘Priming Food Partnerships’ initiative supported by BBSRC, MRC, EPSRC and ESRC. Project reference number – BB/P023886/1. Thank you to the High Street Retailer for supplying the data.Peer reviewedPublisher PD