Performance Analysis of a Low Power High Speed Hybrid Full Adder Circuit and Full Subtractor Circuit

In this paper, a hybrid 1-bit adder and 1-bit Subtractor designs are implemented. The hybrid adder circuit is constructed using CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) logic along with pass transistor logic. The design can be extended 16 and 32 bits lately. The proposed full adder circuit is compared with the existing conventional adders in terms of power, delay and area in order to obtain a better circuit that serves the present day needs of people. The existing 1-bit hybrid adder uses EXNOR logic combined with the transmission gate logic. For a supply voltage of 1.8V the average power consumption (4.1563 µW) which is extremely low with moderately low delay (224 ps) resulting because of the deliberate incorporation of very weak CMOS inverters coupled with strong transmission gates. At 1.2V supply the power and delay were recorded to be 1.17664 µW and 91.3 ps. The design was implemented using 1-bit which can also be extended into a 32-bit design later. The designed implementation offers a better performance in terms of power and speed compared to the existing full adder design styles. The circuits were implemented in DSCH2 and Microwind tools respectively. The parameters such as power, delay, layout area and speed of the proposed circuit design is compared with pass transistor logic, adiabatic logic, transmission gate adder and so on. The circuit is also designed with a decrease in transistors in order to get the better results. Full Subtractor, a combinational digital circuit which performs 1-bit subtraction with borrow in is designed as a part of this project. The main aim behind this part of the project is to design a 1-bit full Subtractor using CMOS technology with reduced number of transistors and hence the efficiency in terms of area, power and speed have been calculated is designed using 8,10,15and 16 transistors. The parameters were calculated in each case and the results have been tabulated

Antidiabetic activity of compounds isolated from the roots of Premna latifolia Roxb

Purpose: To evaluate the hypoglycaemic activity of the ethanol extract, chloroform  fraction, and three compounds isolated from Premna latifolia.Methods: The ethanol extract, chloroform fraction, and compounds 1 – 3 (isolated from the chloroform fraction) of P. latifolia were characterised by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR, 13C NMR and 2D NMR). In vitro activity was assessed by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity assays. In vivo antidiabetic activity was evaluated in a streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced rat model of diabetes. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C), serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), liver enzymes, and antioxidant enzymes were  determined. Liver and pancreas histopathology was assessed.Results: Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited significant hypoglycaemic activity by reducing elevated FBG and HbA1C (p ≤ 0.001) and also exerted positive effects on blood and liver enzyme profiles, which were largely altered in diabetic control group. These compounds also showed significant antioxidant activity, increasing catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase, while lowering malondialdehyde (p ≤ 0.001). The histopathology results for the rats that received these compounds suggested regeneration of pancreatic β-cells.Conclusion: Compounds 2 and 3 isolated from the dried roots of P. latifolia possess significant hypoglycaemic activity, reno- and hepatoprotective effects, and antioxidant activity. They show promise as potential treatments for patients with diabetes.Keywords: Antioxidant, Hypoglycaemic, Premna latifolia, Stigmanstan-3β-olyl n-octadec-9ʹ, 12ʹ- dienoate, n-Tetracosanol, n-Tridecanyl n-Tetracosanoat

Label-free electrical detection of DNA hybridization using carbon nanotubes and graphene

The interface between biosystems and nanomaterials is emerging for detection of various biomolecules and subtle cellular activities. In particular, the development of cost-effective and sequence-selective DNA detection is urgent for the diagnosis of genetic or pathogenic diseases. Graphene-based nanocarbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes and thin graphene layers, have been employed as biosensors because they are biocompatible, extraordinarily sensitive, and promising for large-area detection. Electrical and label-free detection of DNA can be achieved by monitoring the conductance change of devices fabricated from these carbon materials. Here, the recent advances in this research area are briefly reviewed. The key issues and perspectives of future development are also discussed

Bio Characterization via FTIR and GCMS Analysis of Cucurbita variety (Yellow and White Pumpkin)

The current study aimed to conduct phytochemical screening, FTIR, and GCMS analysis in squash (Cucurbita pepo L.,) also known as a yellow and white selected pumpkin. It’s one of the dicotyledonous vegetables consumed in daily diets that imparts high inhibitor properties of inflammation, cancer, and diabetes. Traditionally it is used as an anti-helminthic remedy. The phytochemical characterization can facilitate seeking out the substance with a therapeutic property. The peel, flesh, and seed sample of each pumpkin variety were used as sources and extracted consecutively with ethyl acetate and acetonitrile using the maceration method. Phytochemical screening and quantification were carried out by standard analytical methods. The functional groups of the sample extracts were analyzed using FT-IR methods. Further, phytochemical profiling was carried out utilizing the GCMS technique to identify the therapeutically important chemicals contained in the sample. Phytochemical analysis of ethyl acetate and acetonitrile extracts showed the presence of major components like alkaloids, phenol, carbohydrate, and proteins. The farthest alkaloid, phenol, carbohydrate, and protein varied consequently for different parts like peel, flesh, and seed. The FT-IR analysis of each extract in the peel, flesh, and seed revealed that the ethyl acetate extract had the most functional groups. The major peak was characterized at wavelength 3004.24 to 3421.05 nm which indicates O-H functional group. Further quantification and GC-MS analysis were performed in ethyl acetate extract. Remarkably, GC-MS analysis of yellow and white pumpkin ethyl acetate extracts showed the utmost 6 - 8 compounds within the flesh part. Further, employing these compounds for anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial assays may aid in the discovery of new drugs for therapeutic applications

The Role of Interaction and Common Randomness in Two-User Secure Computation

This paper has been presented at : 2018 IEEE International Symposium On Information Theory (ISIT)We consider interactive computation of randomized functions between two users with the following privacy requirement: the interactive communication should not reveal to either user any extra information about the other user's input and output other than what can be inferred from the user's own input and output. We also consider the case where privacy is required against only one of the users. For both cases, we give single-letter expressions for feasibility and optimal rates of communication. Then we discuss the role of common randomness and interaction in both privacy settings.Gowtham R. Kurri was supported by a travel fellowship from the Sarojini Damodaran Foundation. This work was done while Jithin Ravi was at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. He has received funding from ERC grant 714161