Irregular marriage: myth and reality

This article examines the historiography, the law, and the practice of irregular marriage in Britain. It argues that there has been a confusion of terms in the historiography of irregular marriage that has served to obscure its meaning, pattern, and incidence. Using evidence from Scotland where irregular marriage continued to be legally valid until 1939 (with one form remaining legally valid until 2006), the article argues that despite its legally valid status, the interpretation of what constituted irregular marriage was extremely limited and that it served as a de facto or functional equivalent to civil marriage.<p></p> In the formal legal sense Scotland had stood virtually alone amongst Western European countries in enshrining simple exchange of consent as sufficient basis for marriage. However, in practice Scotland was very similar to other countries in what was regarded as acceptable forms of contracting marriage and the same stigma was attached to informal or irregular unions that we see elsewhere. However, as elsewhere, the majority of people conformed to the legal rules and the legal paradigms of marriage, but equally there was no neat correspondence between legal codes and social practice with ordinary people adopting a more flexible definition of marriage than the official one

Visible and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy of fullerenes using femtosecond laser pulses

Photoelectron spectra are presented for C60 excited with fs pulses of wavelengths 532 and 267 nm. The spectra indicate a quick redistribution of the excitation energy. Excitation of SAMO states is observed with 532 nm excitation, but due to the relatively large photon energy of the 267 nm pulses, these orbitals are not populated for this wavelength

Mass differentiated reading skills instruction in high school

Thesis (M.Ed.)--Boston University N.B.: Page 3 Misnumbered

The future of philanthropy: the role of entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial philanthropy

Chapter from Philanthropy and a better society, published by Alliance Publishing; available online at http://www.alliancepublishing.org/wp-content/uploads/PHILANTHROPY__A_BETTER_SOC.pdfEleanor Shaw and others (Chapter 12) take a second look at entrepreneurial philanthropists, whose absence from the Big Society discourse strikes them as bizarre, when they are so well placed to make substantial contributions to stopping the gaping hole in the public purse. Considering this bewilderingly untapped resource, the authors wonder why such philanthropists have not been more centrally enlisted in support of the cause, when they could bring so many other attributes (innovations and partnerships across the three sectors) to the table.Centre for Charitable Giving and Philanthrop

How can social enterprises impact health and wellbeing?

Purpose -The objective of this paper is to examine the impacts of social enterprise on individual and community health and well-being. It focuses on community food initiatives, their impact on the social determinants of health and the influence of structure on their outcomes. Design – Using an interpretive qualitative approach through case studies focused on two community food social enterprises, the research team conducted observations, interviews and ad-hoc conversations. Findings - Researchers found that social enterprises impacted all layers of the social determinants of health model but that there was greater impact on individual lifestyle factors and social and community networks. Impact at the higher socio-economic, cultural and environmental layer was more constrained. There was also evidence of the structural factors both enabling and constraining impact at all levels. Implications – This study helps to facilitate understanding on the role of social enterprises as a key way for individuals and communities to work together to build their capabilities and resilience when facing health inequalities. Building upon previous work, it provides insight into the practices, limitations and challenges of those engaged in encouraging and supporting behavioural changes. Value - The paper contributes to a deeper insight of the use, motivation and understanding of social enterprise as an operating model by community food initiatives. It provides evidence of the impact of such social enterprises on the social determinants of health and uses structuration theory (Giddens, 1984) to explore how structure both influences and constrains the impact of these enterprises

'World-making' and major philanthropy

Chapter from Philanthropy and a better society, published by Alliance Publishing; available online at http://www.alliancepublishing.org/wp-content/uploads/PHILANTHROPY__A_BETTER_SOC.pdfMairi Maclean and others (Chapter 2) consider the potential role of entrepreneurial philanthropists in the opening‑up of public services while also examining the ambivalence in which they are held by the public, and some of the contradictions surrounding their activity: the way in which, for example, their philanthropy may actually enhance their social capital and allow them to engage in ‘world‑making’.Centre for Charitable Giving and Philanthrop

Speaking bigotry to power: sticks, stones and the bounds of free speech

Scholarships & Prizes Office. University of Sydne

The buying of an automobile as a basis for problem units in arithmetic for grade eight

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Criminalising search and rescue activities can only lead to more deaths in the Mediterranean

Search and rescue activities have provided life-saving assistance to migrants in the Mediterranean, but they have also been portrayed by some actors in Europe as a ‘pull factor’ that encourages more migrants to attempt dangerous crossings. Eleanor Gordon and Henrik Kjellmo Larsen argue that efforts to criminalise the provision of search and rescue services by private vessels, together with the alleged use of ‘pushbacks’ to encourage boats to return to shore, can only lead to more deaths

The gendered politics of the ‘local turn’ in peacebuilding:Acholi traditional justice and gender in post-conflict Uganda

Typically, advancing localised approaches to peacebuilding has evaded critical reflection on the power dynamics and harms that can arise. This paper considers the gender dynamics and gendered harms that can manifest themselves when adopting an uncritical approach to localisation in peacebuilding. To do so, it examines the use of mato oput (drinking the bitter root) in post-conflict northern Uganda, as an example of a localised approach to post-conflict transitional justice, to investigate these dynamics and harms. It draws from interviews and focus-group discussions that were conducted in northern Uganda between 2020 and 2022 and engages with critical international relations scholarship on the ‘local turn’ in peacebuilding and the gendered nature of conflict and peace. The paper argues that in patriarchal societies, advancing localisation may entail a return to the traditional or customary order that reaffirms and reifies oppressive gender power relations and helps to consolidate gender inequalities, including unequal access to both security and justice.</p