Clinical outcomes.

Clinical outcomes.</p

Study data.

(XLSX)</p

Event-free survival curves for HHF and renal events.

Kaplan-Meier curves comparing the risk of (A) HHF, (B) composite renal events, and (C) composite HHF and renal events between the 3 groups. CI, confidence interval; HHF, hospitalization for heart failure; HR, hazard ratio; SGLT2i, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor.</p

Changes in laboratory findings.

Serial changes in (A) total cholesterol, (B) LDL cholesterol, (C) HbA1c, and (D) GFR are plotted according to group. GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SGLT2i, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor.</p

Event-free survival curves for atherosclerotic events.

Kaplan-Meier curves comparing the risk of (A) composite coronary events and (B) composite ischemic events between the 3 groups. CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; SGLT2i, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor.</p

Study flowchart.

After 1:1:2 propensity score matching, there were 921 patients treated with empagliflozin, 921 patients treated with dapagliflozin, and 1,842 patients treated with DPP4i (control group). ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DPP4i, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; HF, heart failure; SGLT2i, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor.</p

Additional file 4: of Hemodynamically balanced congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries with a large ventricular septal defect, and subvalvular pulmonic stenosis: a case report

A three-dimensional model of the widely open aortic outflow tract is shown. The aortic outflow is separated from the stenotic pulmonary outflow tract. (MP4 5819 kb

Image_4_Prognostic implication of left ventricular hypertrophy regression after antihypertensive therapy in patients with hypertension.TIF

BackgroundLeft ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, the prognostic implication of LVH regression after antihypertensive therapy has not been clearly investigated.MethodsPatients who underwent echocardiography at the time of the diagnosis of hypertension and repeated echocardiography at an interval of 6–18 months were retrospectively identified. LVH was defined as LV mass index (LVMI) >115 g/m2 (men) and >95 g/m2 (women). LVH regression was defined as LVH at initial echocardiography with normal geometry or concentric LV remodeling at follow-up echocardiography. Cardiovascular mortality, hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), coronary revascularization, stroke, and aortic events were analyzed according to changes in LVMI and geometry.ResultsOf 1,872 patients, 44.7% (n = 837) had LVH at the time of diagnosis; among these, 30.7% showed LVH regression. The reduction in LVMI was associated with the reduction in BP, especially in those with LVH at baseline. During follow up (median, 50.4 months; interquartile range, 24.9–103.2 months), 68 patients died of cardiovascular causes, 127 had HHF, and 162 had vascular events (coronary revascularization, stroke, and aortic events). Persistent or newly developed LVH during antihypertensive therapy was a significant predictor of cardiovascular mortality and events, especially HHF. On multivariable analysis, women, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, larger LVMI and end-diastolic dimension, and less reduction in systolic BP were associated with persistent or newly developed LVH.ConclusionLVH regression in patients with hypertension is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular events and can be used as a prognostic marker.</p

Image_1_Prognostic implication of left ventricular hypertrophy regression after antihypertensive therapy in patients with hypertension.TIF

BackgroundLeft ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, the prognostic implication of LVH regression after antihypertensive therapy has not been clearly investigated.MethodsPatients who underwent echocardiography at the time of the diagnosis of hypertension and repeated echocardiography at an interval of 6–18 months were retrospectively identified. LVH was defined as LV mass index (LVMI) >115 g/m2 (men) and >95 g/m2 (women). LVH regression was defined as LVH at initial echocardiography with normal geometry or concentric LV remodeling at follow-up echocardiography. Cardiovascular mortality, hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), coronary revascularization, stroke, and aortic events were analyzed according to changes in LVMI and geometry.ResultsOf 1,872 patients, 44.7% (n = 837) had LVH at the time of diagnosis; among these, 30.7% showed LVH regression. The reduction in LVMI was associated with the reduction in BP, especially in those with LVH at baseline. During follow up (median, 50.4 months; interquartile range, 24.9–103.2 months), 68 patients died of cardiovascular causes, 127 had HHF, and 162 had vascular events (coronary revascularization, stroke, and aortic events). Persistent or newly developed LVH during antihypertensive therapy was a significant predictor of cardiovascular mortality and events, especially HHF. On multivariable analysis, women, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, larger LVMI and end-diastolic dimension, and less reduction in systolic BP were associated with persistent or newly developed LVH.ConclusionLVH regression in patients with hypertension is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular events and can be used as a prognostic marker.</p

Image_2_Prognostic implication of left ventricular hypertrophy regression after antihypertensive therapy in patients with hypertension.TIF

BackgroundLeft ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, the prognostic implication of LVH regression after antihypertensive therapy has not been clearly investigated.MethodsPatients who underwent echocardiography at the time of the diagnosis of hypertension and repeated echocardiography at an interval of 6–18 months were retrospectively identified. LVH was defined as LV mass index (LVMI) >115 g/m2 (men) and >95 g/m2 (women). LVH regression was defined as LVH at initial echocardiography with normal geometry or concentric LV remodeling at follow-up echocardiography. Cardiovascular mortality, hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), coronary revascularization, stroke, and aortic events were analyzed according to changes in LVMI and geometry.ResultsOf 1,872 patients, 44.7% (n = 837) had LVH at the time of diagnosis; among these, 30.7% showed LVH regression. The reduction in LVMI was associated with the reduction in BP, especially in those with LVH at baseline. During follow up (median, 50.4 months; interquartile range, 24.9–103.2 months), 68 patients died of cardiovascular causes, 127 had HHF, and 162 had vascular events (coronary revascularization, stroke, and aortic events). Persistent or newly developed LVH during antihypertensive therapy was a significant predictor of cardiovascular mortality and events, especially HHF. On multivariable analysis, women, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, larger LVMI and end-diastolic dimension, and less reduction in systolic BP were associated with persistent or newly developed LVH.ConclusionLVH regression in patients with hypertension is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular events and can be used as a prognostic marker.</p