SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT OF POORLY WATER SOLUBLE DRUGS

Aqueous solubility is a limiting factor in the oral bioavailability of a certain class of poorly water soluble drugs. A consequence of low aqueous solubility is a slow dissolution rate. For the drugs with low aqueous solubility and high permeability the dissolution rate will be the rate limiting step for absorption. The most successful techniques that are employed for dissolution enhancement are micronization, formulation of amorphous systems and cyclodextrins containing dosage forms. This combined approaches to improve the dissolution of some poorly soluble drugs. Micronization increases the dissolution rate of drugs through increased surface area. The high surface area of drug micro/nano particles renders them thermodynamically unstable, promoting agglomeration and crystal growth. Microparticles of the poorly water soluble drugs were produced by the supercritical antisolvent method and simultaneously mixed with pharmaceutical excipients in a single step to prevent the drug agglomeration of drug particles. In the third approach cyclodextrins (CDs) were used as pharmaceutical solubilizers and inclusion complexes of drugs with β-CD.Key words: micronization, supercritical antisolvent, cyclodextrin

ONE FACTOR RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY (RSM) FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF ORAL VENLAFAXINE HCL CONTROLLED RELEASE ORGANOGEL

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop the oral Venlafaxine HCl controlled-release organogel (organogel–CR) by using one-factor response surface methodology (RSM). Methods: In this study, Drug-excipient compatibility was evaluated by FT-IR. A total of 14 experimental runs were carried out employing the detailed conditions designed by a single factor completely randomized design based on the response surface methodology was used to check the concentration effect of 12-Hydroxy stearic acid (12-HSA) at different cooling rates on drug release at 10 h (Q10) and after 12 h (Q12). Multiple linear regression analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and graphical representation of the influence factor were performed by using design expert 12. The developed organogel was also evaluated for viscosity, strength, transition temperature, diffusivity and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Prepared organogel was filled in the capsule and investigated for weight variation, drug content, erosion of organogel and In vitro drug release study. Results: FT-IR results showed that there was no chemical interaction between the drug and excipients. The SEM photograph indicates that the developed organogel was highly viscous with 3D network structure. The experimental confirmation tests showed a correlation between the predicted and experimental responses (R2 = 0.9937 and 0.9709). The results of ANOVA suggested that calculated F values of all dependent variables are greater than tabulated values. The optimal point obtained was located in the valid region and the optimum in vitro release of the predicted batch containing 7.9% concentration of 12-HSA with gradual cooling rate. To validate the evolved mathematical models, a checkpoint was selected and its desirability value was found to be 0.866. Conclusion: Oral controlled release Venlafaxine HCl organogel fix the problem of repeated dosing and patient noncompliance

A prospective study of management of distal end of radius fracture in children

Background: Distal end radius (DER) fractures represents one of the common fractures in the paediatric age group. Most of this injury are managed by closed reduction and casting. We investigated the degree to which the clinical and radiographic follow-ups reveal complications that lead to a change in management of the un-manipulated distal radius fractures in children less than 14 years of age. We determined the frequency and type of complications registered during treatment, and assessed the stability of the different fracture types.Methods: Study includes examination of 30 patients with closed DER fractures who were admitted in tertiary care centre between August 2016 to April 2018.Results: Closed reduction and casting was modality of treatment in 40%, casting was done in 33.3% and closed reduction and k wire were done in 26.7%. In patients with closed reduction and k wire slab was given. Gartland and Werley’s scoring system was used and found that 60% patients have 0 score, 30% have 1 score, 6.7% have 2 score and 3.3% have 3 score. 29 patients had excellent result and 1 patient had fair result.Conclusions: In this study of management of DER fracture in children with different modality of treatment, we noted that if it is an undisplaced fracture, can be managed with casting. If it is displaced fracture and reduction is achieved then closed reduction and casting can be done. If displacement is more than 50% of bone diameter then closed reduction and k wire can be done

Prospective study of management of long bone fracture by intra-medullary elastic nailing in children

Background: The treatment of long bone fractures in children from 6 to 14 years is a challenging scenario. Titanium elastic nail (TEN) fixation was originally meant as a gold standard treatment method for femoral fractures, but was gradually applied to other long bone fractures in children, because it represents a middle path between conservative and surgical modality.Methods: In the present study paediatric patients in the age group of 6 to 14 year with long bone fractures to be treated with TEN in the Department of Orthopaedics were admitted to MGM Hospital (Kamothe) were selected. A total of 30 patients consenting to undergo this study were subjected for treatment after screening using the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: The mean age of the patients was 9.67±2.68 years. There was male preponderance (63.3%). In our study, RTA was observed to be the main cause of fracture (80%) whereas 20% fractures were due to fall. In our study, 50% patients had fracture of radius ulna followed by fracture of tibia 23.3%, femur (23.3%), and humerus (3.3%). The mean time to union was 5.30±1.06 weeks.Conclusions: TEN seems to be simple, biocompatible, more physiological, reliable and effective method of treatment of all long bone shaft fractures in 6 to 14 years old children. It is a rapid, safe and simple procedure with advantages of short operative time, minimal blood loss, shorter hospital stays early union, allowing early mobilization and early return to function with minimal complications

DM approximations for the gravest frequency of a vibrating system

Estimates are made of the smallest nonzero frequency of vibration of undamped linear mechanical systems having lumped and/or distributed mass and permitting rigid body motions. The approximations are smaller than the correct values but remarkable accuracy may be achieved. The procedures are based upon methods of S. Dun*, kerley and S. G. Mikhlin.Chief of Naval Researchhttp://archive.org/details/dmapproximations00brocN

Comparison of Matrix Rhythm Therapy Versus Pilates on Pain, Lumbar Flexibility, Functional Impairments, and Pelvic Inclination in Chronic Low Back Pain

Introduction: Low back pain is one of the leading causes of disease burden globally. Matrix Rhythm Therapy (MRT) is based on rhythmic micro-oscillations of muscle tissue by the action of mechano-magnetic alternating fields. Pilates exercises have been shown to be helpful in low back pain. This study was conducted to compare the effects of MRT and Pilates exercises on chronic low back pain, lumbar flexibility, functional impairments, and pelvic inclination in chronic low back pain. Materials and Methods: Ethical clearance was obtained by ethical committee of Dr. D. Y. Patil Physiotherapy, Pimpri, Pune. 50 patients diagnosed with chronic low back pain were selected as per inclusion criteria after taking informed consent. Patients were randomly allocated to two groups. Group A (n = 25) received MRT. Group B (n = 25) were given Pilates exercise. Both groups received treatment thrice a week for two weeks. Duration of 45 min. Outcome measures were assessed for both groups at the beginning and end of the study. Outcome measures included Numerical Pain Rating Scale for pain, Modified-modified schober's test for lumbar flexibility, pelvic inclination using an inclinometer, and Oswestry Low Back Disabaility Questionnaire for functional impairments. Data were analysed using Winpepi. Results: For all outcome measures, a highly significant improvement (p < 0.001) was seen in Group A, a significant improvement (p < 0.005) was seen in group B. Discussion: Pain, restricted movements, reduced flexibility, and pelvic inclination are the consequences of systemic and local disturbances in the logistics of the living processes due to chronic pain in low back region. MRT and Pilates, both individually are effective in treating the same. Conclusion: Both Groups showed significant improvements in patients with CLBP. However, the findings in MRT group highly statistically significant

Abstracts of Scientifica 2022

This book contains the abstracts of the papers presented at Scientifica 2022, Organized by the Sancheti Institute College of Physiotherapy, Pune, Maharashtra, India, held on 12–13 March 2022. This conference helps bring researchers together across the globe on one platform to help benefit the young researchers. There were six invited talks from different fields of Physiotherapy and seven panel discussions including over thirty speakers across the globe which made the conference interesting due to the diversity of topics covered during the conference. Conference Title:  Scientifica 2022Conference Date: 12–13 March 2022Conference Location: Sancheti Institute College of PhysiotherapyConference Organizer: Sancheti Institute College of Physiotherapy, Pune, Maharashtra, Indi