Operationalizing Intelligence Dominance

Newer, fragile states often lack the police, administrative, and economic resources needed to govern effectively, and many cannot provide basic goods and services to significant sectors of their population. The vacuum inside these states is being filled by armed groups and political movements that are growing in both numbers and capability. The global competition for power, influence, and legitimacy leads to struggles for control of populations, territory, and resources.https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/ciwag-case-studies/1005/thumbnail.jp

Homotopy semi-numerical modeling of non-Newtonian nanofluid transport external to multiple geometries using a revised Buongiorno Model

A semi-analytical solution for the convection of a power-law nanofluid external to three different geometries (i.e. cone, wedge and plate), subject to convective boundary condition is presented. A revised Buongiorno model is employed for the nanofluid transport over the various geometries with variable wall temperature and nano-particle concentration conditions (nonisothermal and non-isolutal). Wall transpiration is included. The dimensional governing equations comprising the conservation of mass, momentum, energy and nanoparticle volume fraction are transformed to dimensionless form using appropriate transformations. The transformed equations are solved using a robust semi-analytical power series method known as the Homotopy analysis method (HAM). The convergence and validation of the series solutions is considered in detail. The variation of order of the approximation and computational time with respect to residual errors for temperature for the different geometries is also elaborated. The influence of thermophysical parameters such as wall temperature parameter, wall concentration parameter for nanofluid, Biot number, thermophoresis parameter, Brownian motion parameter and suction/blowing parameter on the velocity, temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction is visualized graphically and tabulated. The impact of these parameters on the engineering design functions e.g. coefficient of skin fraction factor, Nusselt number and Sherwood number is also shown in tabular form. The outcomes are compared with the existing results from the literature to validate the study. It is found that thermal and solute Grashof numbers both significantly enhance the flow velocity whereas they suppress the temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction for the three different configurations i.e. cone, wedge and plate. Furthermore, the thermal and concentration boundary layers are more dramatically modified for the wedge case, as compared to the plate and cone. This study has substantial applications in polymer engineering coating processes, fiber technology and nanoscale materials processing systems

Computation of metallic nanofluid natural convection in a two-dimensional solar enclosure with radiative heat transfer, aspect ratio and volume fraction effects

As a model of nanofluid direct absorber solar collectors (nano-DASCs), the present article describes recent numerical simulations of steady-state nanofluid natural convection in a two-dimensional enclosure. Incompressible laminar Newtonian viscous flow is considered with radiative heat transfer. The ANSYS FLUENT finite volume code (version 19.1) is employed. The enclosure has two adiabatic walls, one hot (solar receiving) and one colder wall. The Tiwari-Das volume fraction nanofluid model is used and three different nanoparticles are studied (Copper (Cu), Silver (Ag) and Titanium Oxide (TiO2)) with water as the base fluid. The solar radiative heat transfer is simulated with the P1 flux and Rosseland diffusion models. The influence of geometrical aspect ratio and solid volume fraction for nanofluids is also studied and a wider range is considered than in other studies. Mesh-independence tests are conducted. Validation with published studies from the literature is included for the copperwater nanofluid case. The P1 model is shown to more accurately predict the actual influence of solar radiative flux on thermal fluid behaviour compared with Rosseland radiative model. With increasing Rayleigh number (natural convection i.e. buoyancy effect), significant modification in the thermal flow characteristics is induced with emergence of a dual structure to the circulation. With increasing aspect ratio (wider base relative to height of the solar collector geometry) there is a greater thermal convection pattern around the whole geometry, higher temperatures and the elimination of the cold upper zone associated with lower aspect ratio. Titanium Oxide nano-particles achieve slightly higher Nusselt number at the hot wall compared with Silver nano-particles. Thermal performance can be optimized with careful selection of aspect ratio and nano-particles and this is very beneficial to solar collector designers

Strategic Denial and Deception

A concern about the threat of high-level denial and deception has waxed and waned among Americans since the end of World War II. Sometimes they fear that denial and deception has shaped threat assessments: witness the 1976 "A Team/B Team experiment" in competitive intelligence analysis undertaken by the Gerald R. Ford White House. At other times, the threat of denial and deception-here the euphoria accompanying the end of the Cold War comes to mind-seems to fade into insignificance. As the United States reigns as the only superpower and the world experiences a communication revolution, how much of a threat does denial and deception pose to American interests today? Do globalization, proliferating communication technologies, and the dissemination of vast amounts of information make effective foreign denial and deception more or less likely? Will more information and data sources make policymakers better informed or will the proliferation of information simply create confusion