3,498 research outputs found
GEANT: detector description and simulation tool
As the scale and complexity of High Energy Physics experiments increase, simulation studies require more and more care and become essential to design and optimise the detectors, develop and test the reconstruction and analysis programs, and interpret the experimental data. GEANT is a system of detector description and simulation tools that help physicists in such studies
Diversity of capsular polysaccharide gene clusters in Kpc-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates of sequence type 258 involved in the italian epidemic
Geant4: a Game Changer in High Energy Physics and Related Applicative Fields
Geant4 is an object-oriented toolkit for the simulation of the passage of
particles through matter. Its development was initially motivated by the
requirements of physics experiments at high energy hadron colliders under
construction in the last decade of the 20th century. Since its release in 1998,
it has been exploited in many different applicative fields, including space
science, nuclear physics, medical physics and archaeology. Its valuable support
to scientific discovery is demonstrated by more than 16000 citations received
in the past 25 years, including notable citations for main discoveries in
different fields. This accomplishment shows that well designed software plays a
key role in enabling scientific advancement. In this paper we discuss the key
principles and the innovative decisions at the basis of Geant4, which made it a
game changer in high energy physics and related fields, and outline some
considerations regarding future directions.Comment: Accepted for publication in Future Generation Computer System
A ESCOLA COMO LUGAR DE SALVAGUARDA: IMPLANTAÇÃO DO CENTRO DE MEMÓRIA DA E. E. B. BARÃO DO RIO BRANCO – URUSSANGA/SC
A ESCOLA COMO LUGAR DE SALVAGUARDA: IMPLANTAÇÃO DO CENTRO DE MEMÓRIA DA E. E. B. BARÃO DO RIO BRANCO – URUSSANGA/S
In vivo emergence of colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae producing KPC-type carbapenemases mediated by insertional inactivation of the PhoQ/PhoP mgrB regulator
Colistin is one of the few agents that retain activity against extensively drug-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing KPC-type carbapenemases (KPC-KP). However, resistance to colistin is increasingly reported among KPC-KP. Comparative genomic analysis of a pair of sequential KPC-KP isolates from the same patient including a colistin-susceptible isolate (KKBO-1) and a colistin-resistant isolate (KKBO-4) selected after colistin exposure revealed that insertional inactivation of the mgrB gene, encoding a negative regulator of the PhoQ/PhoP signaling system, is a genetic mechanism for acquired colistin resistance. The role of mgrB inactivation in acquired colistin resistance was confirmed by complementation experiments with wild-type mgrB, which restored colistin susceptibility in KKBO-4, and by construction of an mgrB deletion mutant from KKBO-1, which exhibited a colistin-resistant phenotype. Insertional mgrB inactivation was also detected in 60% of colistin-resistant mutants selected from KKBO-1 in vitro, following plating on colistin-containing medium, confirming the role (although not unique) of this mechanism in the emergence of acquired colistin resistance. In colistin-resistant mutants carrying insertional inactivation or deletion of the mgrB gene, upregulated transcription of phoP, phoQ, and pmrK (which is part of the pmrHFIJKLM operon) was detected. These findings confirmed the MgrB regulatory role in K. pneumoniae and were in agreement with the known association between upregulation of the PhoQ/PhoP system and activation of the pmrHFIJKLM operon, which eventually leads to resistance to polymyxins by modification of the lipopolysaccharide target
A ESCOLA COMO LUGAR DE SALVAGUARDA: IMPLANTAÇÃO DO CENTRO DE MEMÓRIA DA E. E. B. BARÃO DO RIO BRANCO – URUSSANGA/SC
A ESCOLA COMO LUGAR DE SALVAGUARDA: IMPLANTAÇÃO DO CENTRO DE MEMÓRIA DA E. E. B. BARÃO DO RIO BRANCO – URUSSANGA/S
Detection of Tumor Cell-Specific mRNA in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Breast Cancer-Evaluation of Several Markers with Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR
It is widely known that cells from epithelial tumors, e. g., breast cancer, detach from their primary tissue and enter blood circulation. We show that the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in samples of patients with primary and metastatic breast cancer can be detected with an array of selected tumor-marker-genes by reverse transcription real-time PCR. The focus of the presented work is on detecting differences in gene expression between healthy individuals and adjuvant and metastatic breast cancer patients, not an accurate quantification of these differences. Therefore, total RNA was isolated from blood samples of healthy donors and patients with primary or metastatic breast cancer after enrichment of mononuclear cells by density gradient centrifugation. After reverse transcription real-time PCR was carried out with a set of marker genes (BCSP, CK8, Her2, MGL, CK18, CK19). B2M and GAPDH were used as reference genes. Blood samples from patients with metastatic disease revealed increased cytokine gene levels in comparison to normal blood samples. Detection of a single gene was not sufficient to detect CTCs by reverse transcription real-time PCR. Markers used here were selected based on a recent study detecting cancer cells on different protein levels. The combination of such a marker array leads to higher and more specific discovery rates, predominantly in metastatic patients. Identification of CTCs by PCR methods may lead to better diagnosis and prognosis and could help to choose an adequate therapy
Study of decays to the final state and evidence for the decay
A study of decays is performed for the first time
using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0
collected by the LHCb experiment in collisions at centre-of-mass energies
of and TeV. Evidence for the decay
is reported with a significance of 4.0 standard deviations, resulting in the
measurement of
to
be .
Here denotes a branching fraction while and
are the production cross-sections for and mesons.
An indication of weak annihilation is found for the region
, with a significance of
2.4 standard deviations.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2016-022.html,
link to supplemental material inserted in the reference
Observation of the decay
The decay is observed in collision
data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb recorded by the
LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of 7 TeV and 8 TeV. This is the first
observation of this decay channel, with a statistical significance of 15
standard deviations. The mass of the meson is measured to be
MeV/c. The branching fraction ratio
is measured to be 0.0115\,\pm\, 0.0012\, ^{+0.0005}_{-0.0009}.
In both cases, the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is
systematic. No evidence for non-resonant or decays is found.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2015-033.htm
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