239 research outputs found
Long-distance entanglement in many-body atomic and optical systems
We discuss the phenomenon of long-distance entanglement (LDE) in the ground state of quantum spin models, its use in high-fidelity and robust quantum communication, and its realization in many-body systems of ultracold atoms in optical lattices and in arrays of coupled optical cavities. We investigate XX quantum spin models on one-dimensional lattices with open ends and different patterns of site-dependent interaction couplings, singling out two general settings: patterns that allow for perfect LDE in the ground state of the system, namely such that the end-to-end entanglement remains finite in the thermodynamic limit, and patterns of quasi-long-distance entanglement (QLDE) in the ground state of the system, namely such that the end-to-end entanglement vanishes with a very slow power-law decay as the length of the spin chain is increased. We discuss physical realizations of these models in ensembles of ultracold bosonic atoms loaded in optical lattices. We show how, using either suitably engineered super-lattice structures or exploiting the presence of edge impurities in lattices with single periodicity, it is possible to realize models endowed with nonvanishing LDE or QLDE. We then study how to realize models that optimize the robustness of QLDE at finite temperature and in the presence of imperfections using suitably engineered arrays of coupled optical cavities. For both cases the numerical estimates of the end-to-end entanglement in the actual physical systems are thoroughly compared with the analytical results obtained for the spin model systems. We finally introduce LDE-based schemes of long-distance quantum teleportation in linear arrays of coupled cavities, and show that they allow for high-fidelity and high success rates even at moderately high temperatures
Beyond the MSW effect: Neutrinos in a dense medium
We present a theory of neutrino oscillations in a dense medium which goes
beyond the effective matter potential used in the description of the MSW
effect. We show how the purity of the neutrino state is degraded by neutrino
interactions with the environment and how neutrino--matter interactions can be
a source of decoherence. We present new oscillation formulae for neutrinos
interacting with leptons and carry out a numerical analysis which exhibits
deviations from the MSW formulae for propagation through the Earth of
ultra-high energy neutrinos. In particular, we show that at high density and/or
high neutrino energy, the vanishing transition probabilities derived for MSW
effect, are non zero when the scattering is taken into account.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure
The fate of local order in topologically frustrated spin chains
It has been recently shown that the presence of topological frustration,
induced by periodic boundary conditions in an antiferromagnetic chain made
of an odd number of spins, prevents the realization of a perfectly staggered
local order. Starting from this result and exploiting a recently introduced
approach which enables the direct calculation of the expectation value of any
operator with support over a finite range of lattice sites, in this work we
investigate the possible fates of local orders. We show that, regardless of the
variety of possible situations, they can be all arranged in two different
cases. A system admits a finite local order only if the ground state is
degenerate, with at least two elements whose momenta differ, in the
thermodynamic limit, by , and this order breaks translational symmetry. In
all other cases, any local order decays to zero, algebraically (or faster) in
the chain length. Moreover, we show that, in some cases, which of the two
possibilities is realized, may depend on the sequence of chain lengths with
which the thermodynamic limit is reached. These results are established both
analytically and by exact diagonalization and illustrated through examples.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures. Substantial expansion over the first version,
which includes the generalization of the theorems to states with an arbitrary
finite number of domain walls and numerical analysis in support of our
result
Many-body atomic speed sensor in lattices
We study the properties of transmissivity of a beam of atoms traversing an optical lattices loaded with ultracold atoms. The transmission properties as function of the energy of the incident particles are strongly dependent on the quantum phase of the atoms in the lattice. In fact, in contrast to the Mott-insulator regime, the absence of an energetic gap in the spectrum of the superfluid phase enables the atoms in the optical lattice to adapt to the presence of the beam. This induces a feedback process that has a strong impact on the transmittivity of the atoms. Based on the corresponding strong dependency we propose the implementation of a speed sensor with and estimated sensitivity of 10 8 −10 9 m/s/Hz − − − √ , which we characterize via the Fisher information. We apply our findings to a bosonic Li−Rb mixture, which is relevant for experiments with ultracold atoms. Applications of the presented scheme are discussed
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