30 research outputs found

    Photonic titanium dioxide film obtained from hard template with chiral nematic structure for environmental application

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    International audienceIn the present work, mesoporous TiO 2 with a photonic structure was elaborated using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as a biotemplate by two-step hard template methods. This strategy enables to replicate the chiral nematic (CN) structure of the photonic films (biotemplate) in TiO 2 films. A series of iridescent CNCs films with different weight ratios of silica/CNCs composite photonic films were prepared via evaporation induced self-assembly (EISA) method. The films showed iridescent color and tuneable Bragg reflection wavelengths by solely changing the ratio between the silica and the CNCs biotemplate. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) performed on hydride SiO 2 /CNCs films showed a birefringence and typical fingerprint of chiral nematic structure. This birefringence was also observed for TiO 2 films obtained using SiO 2 films as a hard template, which suggested the transfer of the chiral nematic structure in TiO 2 materials. Afterwards, their optical, morphological and electronic properties were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), POM, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDX) and time resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC). The photocatalytic activities were evaluated by following the phenol degradation using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the structuration of the TiO 2 film using a chiral nematic SiO 2 film as hard template enhances the photocatalytic performance compared to non-structured mesoporous TiO 2

    Nanostructures de TiO2 pour une meilleur collecte de la lumière et une activité photocatalytique améliorée

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    Learning from the complex nature’s photosynthesis process and leaf architecture, it appears, in a simplified picture, that light-harvesting, photogeneration of charge carriers, and their lifetime combined with the surface photocatalyst reactivity are among the key challenges driving the efficient conversion of solar energy to chemical fuel. Improving the photocatalytic efficiency of a photocatalytic material requires: i) an increase of the lifetime of the photogenerated charges carriers, ii) broadening the spectrum of absorption response and enhancing the absorbance of photon ability (light harvesting properties) and iii) an increase in the surface reactivity. In this manuscript, Variable strategies were investigated to improve the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 toward H2 generation. These strategies are centered on a common objective, namely increasing their quantum yield, surface reactivity and charge carriers separation to reach improved photocatalytic efficiency. The first part was focus on the design of different architecture that improves the light-harvesting of TiO2 in the nano- and mesoscale. Then, the ideal configuration of photocatalys was explored using the “strong metal-support interaction” concept as an effective way to improve photocatalytic efficiency. Finally, the objective was to propose a new architecture of TiO2 photocatalyst that can efficiently increase the charge carriers density and then increase the hydrogen generation.En s'inspirant du processus complexe de photosynthèse et de l'architecture des feuilles, il apparaît, que le processus de capture de la lumière, la photogénération de charge et leur durée de vie, combinées à la réactivité du photocatalyseur, font partie des principaux défis à relever pour convertir efficacement l'énergie solaire en energie chimique. L'amélioration de l'efficacité photocatalytique d'un matériau photocatalytique nécessite donc : i) une augmentation de la durée de vie des charge photogénérés, ii) d’étendre le spectre d’action du photocatalyseur et l’amélioration de sa capacité à récolter les photons et iii) une augmentation de la réactivité de la surface. Dans ce manuscrit, différentes stratégies ont été étudiées afin d’améliorer l'efficacité photocatalytique du TiO2 pour la génération de H2.Ces stratégies ont pour objectif commun l'augmentation de leur rendement quantique, de leur réactivité de surface et de la séparation des paires e-/h+ pour atteindre une meilleure efficacité photocatalytique. La première partie s'est concentrée sur la conception de différentes architectures qui améliorent la capture de la lumière par le TiO2. Ensuite, la configuration idéale des photocatalyseurs a été explorée en utilisant le concept de "Strong Metal-Support Interaction" comme moyen efficace d'améliorer l'efficacité photocatalytique. Enfin, l'objectif était de proposer de nouvelle architecture de TiO2 qui peuvent augmenter efficacement la densité de porteurs de charge et ainsi la génération d'hydrogèn

    Development and validation of a method to assess the photocatalytic of self-cleaning surfaces : application to the thin film of TiO2

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    Actuellement, les verres autonettoyants sont la principale utilisation commerciale des revêtements autonettoyants. Ces derniers sont recouverts par une fine couche transparente de dioxyde de titane qui agit sous l action de l illumination solaire. Deux mécanismes sont en jeu¡: la dégradation des composés organiques par photocatalyse et l élimination de ces mêmes composés par les propriétés superhydrophile de la surface du TiO2. L objectif principal de ce travail était de concevoir un système analytique permettant d évaluer les propriétés autonettoyantes de films de dioxyde de titane (propriétés photocatalyque et superhydrophile), le principe de la mesure étant de suivre in situ la cinétique de décoloration d une solution aqueuse d un colorant azoïque : l orange II, par spectroscopie UV-Vis sous éclairement. Parallèlement, il nous a fallu mettre au point des méthodes de préparation fiables et reproductibles de films minces de TiO2 déposés sur différents verres pour tester notre système. C est la méthode sol gel moyennant un dispositif de dip-coating conçu au sein de notre laboratoire qui s est révélée être la plus efficace pour le dépôt de TiO2 sous forme de couches minces. Trois substrats (en verre) ont été utilisés comme supports : verre ordinaire (sodocalcique), pyrex et quartz. Nous avons montré ainsi que la diffusion des ions sodium au cours du traitement thermique affectait l activité photocatalytique de manière directe car les ions alcalins jouent le rôle de centre de recombinaison des charges photogénérées. Enfin, nous avons mis en évidence l existence possible d une corrélation entre l activité photocatalytique et le caractère super-hydrophile de ces films.The objective of this thesis is to develop a quick photocatalytic test to asses the photocatalytic performance of the self-cleaning glasses. For that purpose, thin coating of TiO2 was realized as a reference by a sol-gel dip-coating technique. The conditions of the deposited films were studied and so optimized. The poisoning of self-cleaning glasses by the diffusion of the ions sodium during the heat treatment necessary for the obtaining of the photoactive phase was studied by a controlled poisoning of various samples of TiO2 coating. The mechanism of poisoning of the self-cleaning glasses by The diffusion of alkaline ions on the photocatalytic activity is discussed. At the end, a hypothesis on the origin of the super-hydrophilic photoinduced conversion of the surface of the TiO2 films is emitted

    Développement et validation d'un test pour déterminer les propriétés photocatalytiques de surfaces autonettoyantes : application aux couches minces de TiO2

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    The objective of this thesis is to develop a quick photocatalytic test to asses the photocatalytic performance of the self-cleaning glasses. For that purpose, thin coating of TiO2 was realized as a reference by a sol-gel dip-coating technique. The conditions of the deposited films were studied and so optimized. The poisoning of self-cleaning glasses by the diffusion of the ions sodium during the heat treatment necessary for the obtaining of the photoactive phase was studied by a controlled poisoning of various samples of TiO2 coating. The mechanism of poisoning of the self-cleaning glasses by The diffusion of alkaline ions on the photocatalytic activity is discussed. At the end, a hypothesis on the origin of the super-hydrophilic photoinduced conversion of the surface of the TiO2 films is emitted.Actuellement, les verres autonettoyants sont la principale utilisation commerciale des revêtements autonettoyants. Ces derniers sont recouverts par une fine couche transparente de dioxyde de titane qui agit sous l action de l illumination solaire. Deux mécanismes sont en jeu¡: la dégradation des composés organiques par photocatalyse et l élimination de ces mêmes composés par les propriétés superhydrophile de la surface du TiO2. L objectif principal de ce travail était de concevoir un système analytique permettant d évaluer les propriétés autonettoyantes de films de dioxyde de titane (propriétés photocatalyque et superhydrophile), le principe de la mesure étant de suivre in situ la cinétique de décoloration d une solution aqueuse d un colorant azoïque : l orange II, par spectroscopie UV-Vis sous éclairement. Parallèlement, il nous a fallu mettre au point des méthodes de préparation fiables et reproductibles de films minces de TiO2 déposés sur différents verres pour tester notre système. C est la méthode sol gel moyennant un dispositif de dip-coating conçu au sein de notre laboratoire qui s est révélée être la plus efficace pour le dépôt de TiO2 sous forme de couches minces. Trois substrats (en verre) ont été utilisés comme supports : verre ordinaire (sodocalcique), pyrex et quartz. Nous avons montré ainsi que la diffusion des ions sodium au cours du traitement thermique affectait l activité photocatalytique de manière directe car les ions alcalins jouent le rôle de centre de recombinaison des charges photogénérées. Enfin, nous avons mis en évidence l existence possible d une corrélation entre l activité photocatalytique et le caractère super-hydrophile de ces films

    Strong Metal‐support Interactions in Photocatalysis: Fundamentals and Design Methods

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    International audienceAbstract Engineering the composition and geometry of metallic sites has become a popular manner to boost reaction rate and control reaction selectivity in heterogeneous catalysis. Many studies have been devoted to enhancing the stability of metallic nanoparticles during catalytic reactions by dispersion on metal oxide supports such as TiO 2 , CeO 2 or Nb 2 O 5 . These supports not only modulate electronic properties and dispersion/stabilization of metallic nanoparticle but also influence catalytic selectivity, resulting in the so‐called “strong metal‐support interaction” (SMSI). In this minireview, we outlined the discovery and fundamentals of SMSI, as well as its extensive development over years. In addition, we summarized recent approaches developed to induce the construction of SMSI between different metal nanoparticles and metal oxide supports. Associated characterization microscopic and spectroscopic techniques were emphasized. Despite being a prevalent concept in catalysis, the number of studies on SMSI in heterogeneous photocatalysis has been even in limitation. Herein, we highlighted the beneficial effects of SMSI on boosting photocatalytic activity for CO 2 reduction and H 2 evolution reactions. In general, despite some controversial aspects of the SMSI, this concept offers wide opportunities ahead and encourages researchers to rethink the local active site localization and photocatalyst design

    Cellulose Nanocrystals in Spherical Titania-Sol Microdroplet: From Dynamic Self-Assembly to Nanostructured TiO x /C Microsphere Synthesis

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    International audienceThe study and control of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) self-assembly in spherical confinement remains a challenging and unexplored area. It is difficult to directly observe the self-organization of CNCs in such geometry. Herein, a dynamic observation of the selforganization process of CNCs in confined titania-sol microdroplet is reported. The isotropic to cholesteric transition undergoes nucleation, coalescence and migration of tactoids through two coalescence mechanisms, namely "head-to-tail" and "side-to-side" types. The solubility and self-organization of CNCs in titania-sol enable a successful transfer of the chiral (Ch) nematic structure into hybrid TiOx/C microspheres. TiOx/C microspheres show higher photocatalytic H2 generation compared to TiO2-P25. This work adds to the understanding of self-assembly process of CNCs in spherical geometry, and provides a fresh avenue to design nanostructured photoactive microspheres with unique Ch nematic structures

    Effect of SiNx diffusion barrier thickness on the structural properties and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 films obtained by sol-gel dip coating and reactive magnetron sputtering

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    International audienceWe investigate the effect of the thickness of the silicon nitride (SiNx) diffusion barrier on the structural and photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 films obtained with different processes. We show that the structural and photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 films produced using soft chemistry (sol-gel) and physical methods (reactive sputtering) are affected differentially by the intercalating SiNx diffusion barrier. Increasing the thickness of the SiNx diffusion barrier induced a gradual decrease of the crystallite size of TiO2 films obtained by the sol-gel process. However, TiO2 obtained using the reactive sputtering method showed no dependence on the thickness of the SiNx barrier diffusion. The SiNx barrier diffusion showed a beneficial effect on the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 films regardless of the synthesis method used. The proposed mechanism leading to the improvement in the photocatalytic efficiency of the TiO2 films obtained by each process was discussed
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