(R2070) Poisson-Exponentiated Weibull Distribution: Properties, Applications and Extension

In this article, we introduce a new member of the Poisson-X family namely, the Poisson-exponentiated Weibull distribution. The statistical as well as the distributional properties of the new distribution are studied, and the performance of the maximum likelihood method of estimation is verified by a simulation study. The flexibility of the distribution is illustrated by a real data set. We develop and study a reliability test plan for the acceptance or rejection of a lot of products submitted for inspection when their lifetimes follow the new distribution. A real data example is also given to illustrate the feasibility of the sampling plan developed. Later, we introduce a bivariate analogue of the Poisson-exponentiated Weibull distribution called the Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern bivariate Poisson-exponentiated Weibull distribution and consider the concomitants of order statistics that arise from this bivariate distribution. The distribution theory of the concomitants of order statistics is also developed

Effect of Black hole Attack on Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are obtaining popularity today, as it offers wireless connectivity to the users irrespective of their geographical position. Such networks are composed of a set of stations or nodes that communicating through wireless channels, without any fixed backbone support in which different nodes are allowed to join or leave the network at any time. MANETs are generally more vulnerable to information and physical security threats than wired networks, so security is a vital requirement in MANETs to provide secured communication between mobile nodes. Most of the routing protocols rely on the cooperation among the nodes for secure transmission due to lack of centralized administration. There is no general algorithm for security of principle routing protocols like AODV against various attacks. One of the most common attacks against routing in MANETs is the Black Hole attack. A black hole is a malicious node that uses the routing protocol to advertise itself as having the shortest path to the node whose packets it wants to intercept. In this paper, we examine the effect of blackhole node in adhoc networks using simulator tool NS2

Discernible growth of Gold Loan NBFCs in India

Discernible growth of gold loan NBFCs recorded mainly on the backdrop of appreciation in gold price affirming the indicators of financial soundness such as capital adequacy ratio, Non Performing Asset (NPA) and share of borrowing in the total asset of bank that are contained well within the limit specified by RBI. Rules and regulations on gold loan NBFCs and concomitant decline in gold price have led to the saturation of growth of NBFCs. In short, the sharp correction of gold price would have a devastating effect not just on gold loan NBFCs but also on the entire financial market

Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial

SummaryBackground Azithromycin has been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 on the basis of its immunomodulatoryactions. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of azithromycin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19.Methods In this randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19Therapy [RECOVERY]), several possible treatments were compared with usual care in patients admitted to hospitalwith COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 176 hospitals in the UK. Eligible and consenting patients wererandomly allocated to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus azithromycin 500 mg once perday by mouth or intravenously for 10 days or until discharge (or allocation to one of the other RECOVERY treatmentgroups). Patients were assigned via web-based simple (unstratified) randomisation with allocation concealment andwere twice as likely to be randomly assigned to usual care than to any of the active treatment groups. Participants andlocal study staff were not masked to the allocated treatment, but all others involved in the trial were masked to theoutcome data during the trial. The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality, assessed in the intention-to-treatpopulation. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936.Findings Between April 7 and Nov 27, 2020, of 16 442 patients enrolled in the RECOVERY trial, 9433 (57%) wereeligible and 7763 were included in the assessment of azithromycin. The mean age of these study participants was65·3 years (SD 15·7) and approximately a third were women (2944 [38%] of 7763). 2582 patients were randomlyallocated to receive azithromycin and 5181 patients were randomly allocated to usual care alone. Overall,561 (22%) patients allocated to azithromycin and 1162 (22%) patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days(rate ratio 0·97, 95% CI 0·87–1·07; p=0·50). No significant difference was seen in duration of hospital stay (median10 days [IQR 5 to >28] vs 11 days [5 to >28]) or the proportion of patients discharged from hospital alive within 28 days(rate ratio 1·04, 95% CI 0·98–1·10; p=0·19). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, nosignificant difference was seen in the proportion meeting the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilationor death (risk ratio 0·95, 95% CI 0·87–1·03; p=0·24).Interpretation In patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, azithromycin did not improve survival or otherprespecified clinical outcomes. Azithromycin use in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 should be restrictedto patients in whom there is a clear antimicrobial indication

An unusual triad: Bilateral dilated odontoma, hypodontia and peg laterals

The dilated odontoma is an infrequent developmental alteration that appears in any area of the dental arches and can affect deciduous, permanent and supernumerary tooth. Dens invaginatus is a developmental anomaly resulting from invagination of a portion of crown forming within the enamel organ during odontogenesis. The most extreme form of dens invaginatus is known as dilated odontoma. The aim of this case report is to present a rare case of bilateral dilated odontoma affecting a microdontic permanent lateral incisor in a 30 year old female patient with hypodontia and peglateral teeth with its clinical, radiological and histological features, which has yet been not reported. Bilateral presence of dilated odontoma is not a common occurrence, although a single tooth involvement in each case has been reported in the literature

My five moments of hand hygiene: A cross sectional questionnaire based study on adherence and barriers among nurses in central Kerala

Background: Hospital acquired infections have remained a concern in the field of health care as a major cause of increasing morbidity, mortality and health care costs in healthcare facilities. In the present era of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and multidrug resistant pathogens, there is a growing emphasis on basic measures of prevention of infections, like maintaining good hand hygiene. Although The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued guidelines on hand washing procedure with an aim to reduce the prevalence of hospital associated infections, the compliance amongst health care workers is poor. Objective: To study the adherence and barriers relating to non-adherence to the five moments of hand hygiene among nursing staff in Central Kerala. Materials and Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted among 360 female nurses using Snowball sampling technique. The quantitative data collected was analysed using the software SPSS version 20. Chi-square test was used for comparison of proportions across groups. Logistic regression analyses were used to find out the determinants of non-adherence. The qualitative data collected was analysed using thematic analysis and classified into themes and subthemes. Results: Out of 338 study participants, 304 (90%) reported to be adherent to the 5 moments of Hand Hygiene. The present study found that factors associated with hand hygiene behaviour among study participants were awareness about Hand Hygiene and educational qualification. Conclusion: The existing level of non-adherence can be a source for outbreak of hospital acquired infections in the community and hence needs to be addressed

Assessing the sustainability of threadfin bream fishery along South-eastern coast of the Arabian Sea: A comprehensive analysis of climate change impact and fishing frontiers

The study aimed to assess the cumulative impact of climate change and sustainable fishing levels on the long-term sustainability of threadfin breams, a demersal species inhabiting along south-eastern coast of the Arabian Sea (SEAS). We utilized the dataset derived from the commercial fisheries in the SEAS region and addressed the influence of dynamics in fishing and environmental factors. The threadfin breams stock status was estimated by analyzing the fluctuations in Catch Per Unit Effort and by employing methods, viz. the Monte Carlo Catch- Maximum Sustainable Yield and Bayesian Schaefer Model. The investigation found that the catch rate of threadfin breams declined as fishing intensity increased in terms of effectiveness of advanced fishing methods. This empirical inquiry leveraged the Generalized Additive Model to assess the impact of environmental parameters on the fish stock. The analysis unveils a notable positive influence on this fish group, signifying a substantial response to increased precipitation. In contrast, deviations in Sea Surface Temperature, Sea Surface Salinity, ocean isothermal layer depth, and surface currents revealed adverse effects surpassing the optimal threshold. The targeted stock of threadfin breams exhibits a medium level of resilience, as indicated by the existing data, the investigation concludes that optimizing fishing practices could aid in replenishing the stock, fostering future sustainability. This conclusion holds true even in the face of potential negative influences from environmental parameters to a certain extent. Overall, the study provides important insights into the impact of climate change and sustainable fishing practices on the sustainability of a demersal resource in the SEAS and emphasizes the innovative ways to manage fishery resources in a manner that is ecologically sustainable and yet economically viable and socially acceptable