FARM-HOUSEHOLD ANALYSIS OF POLICIES AFFECTING PEANUT PRODUCTION IN SENEGAL

A farm-level survey of 150 households was conducted in the peanut basin of Senegal, and a profit function system estimated, for the purpose of analyzing the effects of policies affecting the peanut sector. Producer price of peanuts has relatively little effect on production, but producer price of millet influences peanut seed demand.Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis,

Cash Crop and Foodgrain Productivity in Senegal: Historical View, New Survey Evidence, and Policy Implications

Crop Production/Industries, Productivity Analysis, Downloads July 2008 - June 2009: 10,

Profil epidemiologique de l’epilepsie chez des patients atteints de troubles du spectre de l’autisme: Etude de 45 cas a Dakar (Senegal)

Description: Troubles du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) et épilepsie peuvent coexister chez une même personne constituant des facteurs de mauvais pronostic bilatéraux. Objectif:  Décrire les éléments sociodémographiques de patients atteints de TSA et étudier les aspects clinico-paracliniques et évolutifs des épilepsies chez ces patients. Patients et Méthodes:  Etude transversale et descriptive au service pédopsychiatrique du CHNU Fann, avec analyse des dossiers, via un questionnaire standardisé, de tous les patients suivis entre Janvier 2004 et Septembre 2018 pour TSA avec ou sans épilepsie. Résultats:  Quarante-cinq patients avec TSA colligés, avec une fréquence de l’épilepsie de 37,8%. L’épilepsie avait débuté avant l’âge de 5 ans dans 94% des cas. Les crises étaient généralisées (58,8%), essentiellement motrices tonico-cloniques (80%), ou focales (35,3%), avec une fréquence de 2 crises/jour à 1 crise/semaine. L’EEG de veille et sommeil montrait des anomalies majoritairement frontales dans 60%, et centro-pariétales dans 26,6% des cas. L’imagerie cérébrale était normale dans 93,9% des cas, et les potentiels évoqués auditifs (PEA) normaux dans 87,2% des cas. La prise en charge était multidisciplinaire pour les TSA (neuropsychologique, psychomotrice, orthophonique) et médicale, essentiellement (82,4%) en monothérapie pour l’épilepsie. Les médicaments antiépileptiques utilisés étaient le valproate de sodium (58,8%) et le phénobarbital (17,6). Le niveau d’instruction était bas avec 40% de non-scolarisés et 55,6% au primaire. Seuls 6,7% étaient autonomes et 20 patients nécessitaient une aide quasi-constante. Conclusion: La prévalence de l’épilepsie chez les patients atteints de TSA varie suivant les études. Une prise en charge globale et multidisciplinaire de l’épilepsie et des TSA améliore les troubles de comportement.   English Title: Epidemiologic profile of epilepsy in patients with autism spectrum disorders: study of 45 cases in Dakar (Senegal) Description: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and epilepsy can coexist in the same person, which are factors of bilateral poor prognosis. Purpose: To describe the socio-demographic profile of ASD patients and to study the clinical, paraclinical and evolutive aspects of epilepsy among them. Patients and methods: We did a cross-sectional and descriptive study in the department of child psychiatry of Fann university hospital in Dakar. We analyzed patients’ files followed between January 2004 and September 2018 for autism’s spectrum disorders with or without epilepsy. We used a standardized survey with several items. Results: Forty-five patients with ASD were collected, with an epileptic frequency of 37.8%. Epilepsy had started before the age of 5 years in 94% of cases. Seizures were generalized (58.8%), mainly tonico-clonic (80%), or focal (35.3%), with a frequency of 2 seizures per day to 1 seizure per week. The awake and sleep EEG showed abnormalities mostly in frontal area in 60%, and centro-parietal in 26.6%. Brain imaging was normal in 93.9%, and auditory evoked potential (AEP) normal in 87.2%. Management was multidisciplinary for ASD (neuropsychological, psychomotor, speech therapy) and medical, mainly (82.4%) monotherapy for epilepsy. The main molecules were: sodium valproate (58.8%) and phenobarbital (17.6). The level of education was low with 40% of students out of school and 55.6% in primary school. Only 6.7% were self-reliant and 20 patients needed almost constant assistance. Conclusion: The prevalence of epilepsy in patients with ASD varies according to the studies. The global and multidisciplinary management of epilepsy and ASD improves behavioral disorders

Mapping artificial intelligence adoption in hepatology practice and research: challenges and opportunities in MENA region

BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly relevant to hepatology, yet real-world adoption in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is uncertain. We assessed awareness, use, perceived value, barriers, and policy priorities among hepatology clinicians in the region.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey targeted hepatologists and gastroenterologists across 17 MENA countries. The survey assessed clinical and research applications of AI, perceived benefits, clinical and research use, barriers, ethical considerations, and institutional readiness. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were performed.ResultsOf 285 invited professionals, 236 completed the survey (response rate: 82.8%). While 73.2% recognized the transformative potential of AI, only 14.4% used AI tools daily, primarily for imaging analysis and disease prediction. AI tools were used in research by 39.8% of respondents, mainly for data analysis, manuscript writing assistance, and predictive modeling. Major barriers included inadequate training (60.6%), limited AI tool access (53%), and insufficient infrastructure (53%). Ethical concerns focused on data privacy, diagnostic accuracy, and over-reliance on automation. Despite these challenges, 70.3% expressed strong interest in AI training., and 43.6% anticipating routine clinical integration within 1–3 years.ConclusionMENA hepatologists are optimistic about AI but report limited routine use and substantial readiness gaps. Priorities include scalable training, interoperable infrastructure and standards, clear governance with human-in-the-loop safeguards, and region-specific validation to enable safe, equitable implementation

THE FOOD CHALLENGE IN THE SENEGALESE RURAL ECONOMY AN ANALYSIS OF THE DOMESTIC CEREALS PROMOTION POLICY

Since the colonial era, the expansion of the Senegalese economy was greatly sustained by the agricultural sector in which more than three-fourths of the total population were involved. A 2.3 percent average annual growth of total production during the sixties matched the speed at which the agricultural population was growing and the rural economy was engaged in a kind of equilibrium path. During the late sixties and early seventies, the situation began to change with an agricultural production growth rate dropping to the neighborhood of 1.3 percent against 2.8 percent for total population. Such a situation which is prevailing at the present time is seriously striking if we know that the agricultural sector should produce not only enough food for a rapidly growing population, but also raw materials for the development of local industries, mostly based on peanut and cotton. Per capita food production has been very unstable with large annual fluctuations but the trend has been clearly declining. World Bank experts noted that this situation is observed in the more general setting of Sub-Saharan Africa and especially the Sahel region of which Senegal is part. They observed that this phenomenon occurred over a period when local authorities and foreign aid focused more than ever before on food production projects. In the specific setting of Senegal, food problems have been a major policy issue since the early years of the drought, but some analysts support that a trend of shortage was already clear by 1960, the year of independence. The present food crisis is the result of various causes that have been in play for a long time

La enseñanza de español en Senegal y una propuesta de literatura aplicada con "En la ardiente oscuridad", de Antonio Buero vallejo.

El TFM que se realiza pretende ofrecer material didáctico para el proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje en el que la literatura, la gramática y expresiones de la lengua sirvan de herramienta para la adquisición de competencias que faciliten la superación del certificado DELE B2 para estudiantes senegaleses usuarios del español como lengua extranjera. Esto permitirá formar a otros docentes y agentes capaces de usar la lengua española con el fin de realizar sus actividades relacionadas con dicha lengua. Para lograr tal fin se ha utilizado la obra En la ardiente oscuridad, del dramaturgo español Antonio Buero Vallejo, texto adecuado para hacer hincapié en las competencias literarias, culturales y lingüísticas. Para la consecución de estos objetivos, trabajaremos sobre las bases del enfoque comunicativo, que abarca las cuatro destrezas de la lengua. Nuestro trabajo está divido en tres bloques. El primero recoge el marco teórico e incluye, también, un estudio sobre la enseñanza de español en Senegal, con el fin de mostrar una visión abarcadora de la situación del contexto de enseñanza. En segundo lugar, se estudiará a Antonio Buero Vallejo (Producción y contexto) y se analizarán, si bien brevemente, los aspectos más destacados de En la ardiente oscuridad. En el tercer bloque, utilizando fragmentos de la obra, se presentan una serie de ejercicios para estudiantes universitarios senegaleses, usuarios del español como lengua extranjera, para preparar a nuestros alumnos para el examen DELE B2. El uso de esta obra que trata, de manera simbólica, los problemas sociales, políticos y literarios de la España de la posguerra, permite acercar a los aprendientes a una de las obras más destacadas de la literatura española, que posibilitará el desarrollo lingüístico, tanto en el ámbito léxico, gramatical y literario, como histórico y socio cultural.The thesis that is being carried out intends to offer didactic material for the teaching /learning process in which the literature, grammar and expressions of the language serve as a tool for the acquisition of skills, which will facilitate the passing of the DELE B2 certificate for Senegalese students who use Spanish as a foreign language. This will allow training of other teachers and agents capable of using the Spanish language in order to carry out their activities related to the Spanish language. Therefore, using literature work En la ardiente oscuridad which is a Spanish playwright by Antonio Buero Vallejo, this is a suitable text to emphasize literary, cultural and linguistic skills. To achieve these objectives, we will work based on the communicative approach. Our work is divided into three blocks. The first one includes the theoretical framework, which includes a study on the teaching of Spanish in Senegal, in order to show a comprehensive vision of the teaching space situation.Second, Antonio Buero Vallejo (Production and context) will be studied and the highlights of En la ardiente oscuridad will be briefly analysed. In the third block, using some texts extracted from the literal work, a series of exercises for Senegalese Spanish university students will be proposed as well as detailed to prepare our students for the DELE B2 exam. The use of this work that deals in a symbolic way, with the social, political and literary problems of post-war Spain, allows students to be brought closer to one of the most outstanding works of Spanish literature, which will enable linguistic development, both in the lexical, grammatical, literary, historical and socio cultural

L’émergence de nouvelles coopératives semencières au Sénégal – Analyse de l’impact de la recherche-développement sur l’arachide de 1999 à 2016

Agap : équipe Dynamiques de la diversité, sociétés et environnements (DDSE)National audienceThis article reviews the process of implementing a series of innovations in the peanut sector in Senegal between 1999 and 2016. The emphasis is put on the decisive factors that enabled the establishment of a network of seed cooperatives under the impetus of the producer's organization Asprodeb. The analysis is based on the theory of change, which gives importance to relations between technological innovations and their social and political context. We conclude that three factors were determinant in the observed changes: (1) a pilot research and development operation involving research, the farmer's organization and the producers of the Paoskoto village, the initial place where research results moved into achievements, (2) strengthening and diversifying partnerships between groundnut stakeholders, especially those from seed sector and (3) capacity building leading to professionalization of producers. Beyond the successes obtained, a risk of weakening of the cooperative system has been identified if the seed expertise developed by Asprodeb is only mobilized for commercial interests. This qualitative, participatory and reflexive impact analysis also made it possible to shed light on the role, often invisible, held by researchers who, working in context, facilitated the processes of innovation and the connections between actors.Cet article analyse un processus d’innovation dans la filière arachide au Sénégal entre 1999 et 2016. L’accent porte sur la mise en évidence des facteurs décisifs dans l’émergence d’un nouveau réseau de coopératives semencières au Sénégal sous l’impulsion de l’organisation de producteurs Asprodeb. L’analyse est basée sur la théorie du changement qui accorde une place importante aux relations entre les innovations techniques et leur contexte politique et social. Nous concluons que trois facteurs ont été déterminants dans les changements observés : (1) une opération pilote de recherche et développement réunissant la recherche, l’organisation de producteurs et les producteurs de la commune de Paoskoto, lieu initial de la traduction des résultats de recherche en réalisations concrètes, (2) le renforcement et la diversification du partenariat entre acteurs de la filière, en particulier du secteur semences et (3) le renforcement des capacités conduisant à une professionnalisation des producteurs et productrices adhérents des coopératives. Au-delà des succès obtenus, l’étude a permis d’identifier un risque de fragilisation du système coopératif si l’expertise semencière développée par l’Asprodeb n’est mobilisée qu’à des fins commerciales. Par ailleurs, cette analyse d’impact qualitative, participative et réflexive a permis un éclairage du rôle, souvent invisible, tenu par les chercheurs, qui, opérant en contexte, ont facilité les processus d’innovation et les connexions entre acteurs