Carbon taxes, consumer demand and carbon dioxide emissions: a simulation analysis for the UK

In this paper we examine the effects of a carbon tax, one of the possible instruments for reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Such taxes are currently being proposed as a means of reducing CO2 emissions, motivated by concerns about the global greenhouse effect and its potential impact on global climate and sea levels (Cline, 1991) and on global economies (Nordhaus, 1991). We therefore take as our problem the reduction of CO2 emissions by the UK economy by use of a carbon tax, and the corresponding effect of this tax on the purchasing power and economic behaviour of households. If they were introduced, carbon taxes would affect the price of fossil fuels in the UK, and thus UK consumer prices, both directly for fuels and indirectly for manufactured goods. These price changes would in turn affect the level and structure of UK final demand, and it is this post-tax UK final demand which will determine UK fossil fuel use, and thus CO2 emissions. In particular, we investigate the social effects of a carbon tax, by considering the distribution of the increased tax burden across consumers.

Gender and Remittances: Creating Gender-Responsive Local Development: The Case of Lesotho

The number of international migrants passed 200 million in 2008, more than double the figure in 1965. As the number of migrants continues to grow, the character of international migration has been transformed. South-South migration, as it is now commonly referred to, is acquiring ever-greater significance in contemporary migration configurations. South-South movements of international migrants are highly gendered. In particular, the feminization of international migration has meant that the absolute numbers and proportion of women migrants is increasingly rapidly. More and more women are also migrating for work in other countries in their own right. The gender dynamics behind this new trend in South-South migration have not been sufficiently examined. In spite of the rapid increase in the volume and diversity of knowledge on the migration-development nexus, issues on gender and especially the changing role of women, continue to be lacking. This study aims to contribute to the narrowing of this knowledge gap through an interlinked analysis of migration and development from a gendered perspective. It pays particular attention to the impact of remittances – financial, in-kind and social – on gendered development processes in countries of origin and amongst transnational households spanning the origin and destination countries. The study focuses on these dynamics in the context of Lesotho and the destination country of South Africa. Objectives The overall objective of the Project is to enhance gender-responsive local development by identifying and promoting options in the utilization of remittances for sustainable livelihoods and the building of social capital in poor rural and semi-urban communities. The strategic aims include: increasing awareness and improving access by women-headed, remittance-recipient households to productive resources while augmenting their assets and strengthening their capacities; providing relevant information and support to local and national governments to identify and formulate policies that will optimize the utilization of remittances for sustainable livelihoods and building social capital; and enhancing the capacities of key stakeholders to integrate gender into policies, programmes, projects and other initiatives linking remittances with sustainable livelihoods and building social capital. The Project has been implemented in six countries, which provide a global representation of UNDP’s regional bureaus: Albania, Dominican Republic, Lesotho, Morocco, Phillipines and Senegal. The Project’s main hypothesis is that the optimized use of remittances enhances gender-responsive local development. By analyzing the actual use of remittances, opportunities and weaknesses will be diagnosed, thus identifying possibilities for intervention as well as identifying capacity building needs for enhancing gender-responsive local development. The developmental impacts of remittances can be analyzed at the macro, meso and micro levels

The Anglican identity of the Church's higher education institutions: research report on visits to the dioceses in 2013

This research was part of a wider project looking at the Anglican identity of the twelve universities and university colleges associated structurally with the Church of England and the Church in Wales. All of them grew out of Anglican colleges of education established to train teachers. A day’s visit was made to each of the dioceses associated with one of the universities and structured interviews were carried out with key individuals in the diocese including the bishop and the director of education. The bishop was also asked as to who else should be consulted. The purpose of the interviews was to ascertain what links existed between the diocese and the university and how the diocese viewed the university. A second related aim was to discover if there were any ways in which the diocese contributed to the work of the university. The interviews were undertaken at the time the Church of England decided to centralise the validation of its clergy and other training courses at the University of Durham which had the effect of breaking a number of local arrangements between diocese and church university. The need for ways of ameliorating the unintended damage caused by these breakages is highlighted, The role of foundation governors in providing a link between diocese and university is discussed as are ways of increasing the effectiveness of the links between the two organisations for their mutual benefit. There were two related research projects one of which examined the views of key people in the universities themselves and a second examined the memorandum and articles of each of the universities. Both these reports are available in ORA

The Anglican identity of the Church's higher education institutions: governing documents of the Church universities: analysis 2013

This research was part of a wider project looking at the Anglican identity of the twelve universities and university colleges associated structurally with the Church of England and the Church in Wales. All of them grew out of Anglican colleges of education established to train teachers. The memorandum and articles of government are the key documents determining the nature of the university and how it is to be managed. For each of the universities the current version of the documents was examined in relation to nine core questions. These included whether they impose an obligation on the university to be run as an Anglican institution, what happens to the residual assets if the university closes, whether there is a genuine occupational requirement for any staff and how the governors are nominated. There was considerable variety in the type and style of the documents and in the requirements included in them. At two universities the documents were considered particularly ‘light’. There were two related research projects one of which examined the views of key people in the universities themselves and a second examined the relationship between the university and its associated diocese(s). Both these reports are available in ORA

The Culham Educational Foundation and its Institute in collaboration with the St Gabriel's Trust: a history 1980 - 2011

Two casualties of the so-called massacre of the colleges of education in the late 1970s were Culham which was linked to the University of Oxford and Saint Gabriel’s in south London. Both were Church of England foundations and so out of their closures were borne the new St Gabriel’s trust in 1977 and the Culham Educational Foundation in 1980. Initially working independently, collaboration increased until in 2012 they merged to form a single trust, the Culham St Gabriel’s Trust. This history covers the three decades from their origins to their merger in 2012 Culham decided to undertake its own research and development work in the areas of church schools, church colleges/universities and in school based religious education and collective worship. Initially St Gabriel’s focussed on grant giving but increasingly it worked with Culham through the St Gabriel’s Programme. Collaboration also involved working with other trusts especially other church college trusts and the Jerusalem Trust. All the major work undertaken was designed to have nation implications and applications. This included the Church Colleges Research Project, research projects on church schools, the 1990s national conferences on RE, RE teacher residential weekends, the development of RE resources in collaboration with the BBC and Channel4 Education, an early use of the internet through REonline and the collective worship website, and an RE teacher recruitment programme. Collaboration with the RE Council of England and Wales, and liaison with the diocesan directors of education, the church colleges of HE/universities, national education officers and government were all undertaken on a regular basis. This report provides a strong foundation for future longitudinal studies

Land Grant Application- Gay, John (Roxbury)

Land grant application submitted to the Maine Land Office for John Gay for service in the Revolutionary War.https://digitalmaine.com/revolutionary_war_mass/1147/thumbnail.jp

Article in the Church Times termly education supplement on higher education place of the church-related universities within the sector: July 2014 - June 2021

This paper consists of twenty articles written between July 2014 and June 2021 which were published in the termly educational supplements of the Church Times. Their purpose was essentially twofold: first to highlight for the general readership current issues in higher education and second to explore in more detail issues affecting the fifteen church-related universities of the Cathedrals Group and in particular the twelve associated with the Anglican church. All these universities arose out of teacher training colleges established by the Anglican and Roman Catholic churches. From the 1980s onwards they gradually diversified into other subject areas becoming colleges of higher education and then at the start of the current century they gained full university status. Being small in student size and among the last to become universities, establishing themselves within the university sector has not been easy. Furthermore, unlike church schools which play a central role within the life of the Church of England, the position of the universities is much more marginal. The extent to which they will be able to remain free-standing and church-related institutions rather than becoming completely detached from the church and possibly absorbed into larger universities, remains to be seen. These articles raise pertinent questions about their futures. Within the Cathedrals Group, the universities associated with the Church of England are Bishop Grosseteste Lincoln; Canterbury Christ Church; Chester; Chichester; Cumbria; Gloucestershire; Plymouth Marjon; Winchester; and York St John. Trinity St David is associated with the Church in Wales. Roehampton consists of four colleges. – Whitelands which is Church of England, Digby Stuart which is Roman Catholic, Southlands which is Methodist, and Froebel which is non-denominational. Liverpool Hope is a joint Church of England/Roman Catholic university and there are three free-standing Roman Catholic universities – Newman Birmingham; Trinity Leeds; and St Mary’s Twickenham

The Anglican identity of the Church's higher education institutions: research report on visits to the institutions in 2012

This research was part of a wider project looking at the Anglican identity of the twelve universities and university colleges associated structurally with the Church of England and the Church in Wales. All of them grew out of Anglican colleges of education established to train teachers. A day’s visit was made to each institution and structured interviews were carried out with key individuals including the vice chancellor, chair of governors, head of education, president of the student union, chaplain and staff representative(s). Issues raised included the extent to which the Anglican foundation affects the ways in which the institution operates, its recruitment of staff and students, the nature of its courses, the research it undertakes and its links and activities outside of the university itself. A major part of the project’s aim was to investigate how the partnership between the church and the university could be better expressed for the mutual benefit of each. The report concludes with an assessment of the extent to which the Anglican foundation impinges on the life of the institutions and then raises a number of questions in relation to the future of the institutions as Anglican foundations. One related research project examined the views of key people in the dioceses which were associated with one of the universities and a second examined the memorandum and articles of each of the universities. Both these reports are available in ORA