Inverse modelling for parameter estimation and experiment design

Inverse modelling forced itself on the attention of scientists in the 1960s with the advent of satellites and other revelatory technologies, despite their putative ill-posedness, when it became clear that estimation of parameters of a system not in themselves directly observed but extractable from their signatures in measured data, constituted an ineluctable problem of modern society. This paper begins by formulating the basic statement of inverse problems which have a generic form and leads through philosophical and analytical approaches to their possible solutions that are inherently non-unique. Finally, an example is provided for inverse modelling of the shear wave velocity structure of the crust beneath the ancient granites around Hyderabad from an analysis of reverberations caused by it that appear in the early part of broadband seismograms

Classifiers in Image processing

Image classification is a necessary step in pattern recognition, the efficiency and accuracy mainly depends on the classification .To do the successful classification pre-processing, segmentation, at last feature extraction have to do. Recognition rate depends on all the steps but classification has its own importance in pattern recognition. Some important classifier such assupport vector machine (SVM),artificial neural network(ANN), decision tree, KNN etc. All has their importance in one or the other way. In this paper there is a discussion about many classifiers

A Survey on Feature Extraction Techniques for Handwritten Character Recognition

The efficiency and accuracy of the optical character recognition system is very much dependent on the appropriate choice of the feature extraction techniques used. In the field of pattern recognition hand written character recognition is an interesting field of research. If the features calculated or observed for a character are enough and complete to specify it then classification errors can be minimized. So feature extraction plays a vital role in the handwritten character recognition. This paper describes about the different techniques of feature extraction

A Shock Wave Attached to a Pointed Obstacle in a Steady flow of a Dissociating Gas

A pointed obstacle is assumed symmetrically placed with respect to a uniform supersonic flow ahead of it. It is assumed that an oblique shock wave attached to the leading edge of the obstacle appears form the vertex so that the flow after the shock is along the surface of the obstacle. In this paper a relation between the curvature of an attached shock wave and that of a stream line is discovered. It is concluded that in a steady flow of an ideal dissociating gas, the stream lines at the rear of a straight attached shock wave are necessarily curved lines, whereas in an ordinary gas flow only a straight line flow is possible behind a straight shock

A gene producing one to nine flowers per flowering node in chickpea

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) has a racemose type of inflorescence and at each axis of the raceme usually one or two and rarely three flowers are borne. Plants producing 3 to 9 flowers, arranged in a cymose inflorescence, at many axis of the raceme, were identified in F2 of an interspecific cross ICC 5783 (C. arietinum) × ICCW 9 (C. reticulatum) in which both the parents involved were single-flowered. A spontaneous mutation in one of the two parents or in the F1 was suspected. However, the possibility for establishment of a rare recombination of two interacting recessive genes could not be ruled out. The number of pods set varied from 0 to 5 in each cyme. Inheritance studies indicated that a single recessive gene, designated cym, is responsible for cymose inflorescence. The allelic relationship of cym with sfl, a gene for double-flowered trait, was studied from a cross involving multiflowered plants and the double-flowered line ICC 4929. The cym gene was not allelic to sfl, suggesting that two loci control the number of flowers per peduncle in chickpea. The cym locus segregated independently of the locus sfl, ifc (inhibitor of flower color) and blv (bronze leave)

Double-lepton polarization asymmetries in the (B -> K l^+ l^-) decay beyond the Standard Model

General expressions for the double-lepton polarizations in the (B -> K l^+ l^-) decay are obtained, using model independent effective Hamiltonian, including all possible interactions. Correlations between the averaged double-lepton polarization asymmetries and the branching ratio, as well as, the averaged single-lepton polarization asymmetry are studied. It is observed that, study of the double-lepton polarization asymmetries can serve as a good test for establishing new physics beyond the Standard Model.Comment: 21 pages, 18 figures, LaTeX formatte

Stress Analysis of Multi Leaf Spring by Using Experimental Method

Leaf springs are used in vehicles for suspension purpose in all type of vehicles. Ample amount of work has been done on the analysis of leaf spring. Researcher focused on the  analysis of stresses developed in spring by using different FEM tool also several worked on predict fatigue life of leaf spring. After review of available literature on leaf spring it is found that the very few literature is available on analysis of springs used for light commercial vehicle. This paper describes the static analysis of multi leaf spring by using experimental method i.e. strain gauge under various loading conditio

Frequency-dependent Lg attenuation in the Indian Platform

We use seismograms from regional earthquakes recorded on digital seismographs in peninsular India to determine the frequency-dependent Q of Lg for the Indian platform. We measure Lg attenuation by determining the decay of spectral amplitudes with distance. The available data suggest some spatial variation in attenuation but a much denser ray-path coverage would be required to validate such observations. We, therefore, combine all the measurements of overlapping regions that span both the shield and intervening terranes to obtain an average value of attenuation for the Indian platform: Lg–Q = 665 ± 10 with the frequency exponent n = 0.67 ± 0.03. This average value of Lg attenuation for the Indian platform is similar to the average for other stable regions of the globe