Thermodynamic relations in a driven lattice gas: numerical exprements

We explore thermodynamic relations in non-equilibrium steady states with numerical experiments on a driven lattice gas. After operationally defining the pressure and chemical potential in the driven lattice gas, we confirm numerically the validity of the integrability condition (the Maxwell relation) for the two quantities whose values differ from those for an equilibrium system. This implies that a free energy function can be constructed for the non-equilibrium steady state that we consider. We also investigate a fluctuation relation associated with this free energy function. Our result suggests that the compressibility can be expressed in terms of density fluctuations even in non-equilibrium steady states.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Methodology proposal for the location of microsatellites in the equine genome

We present a relatively simple methodology for the detection of microsatellite sequences in partial genetic libraries in plasmids, consisting mainly in a new DNA extraction protocol and the use of a probe (TG)7T to locate different types of microsatellites.Se presenta una metodología relativamente sencilla para la detección de secuencias microsatélites a partir de genotecas parciales en plásmidos, que consiste fundamentalmente en un nuevo protocolo de extracción de DNA y el empleo de una sonda (TG)7T para localizar diferentes tipos de microsatélites

A new sauropod titanosaur from the Plottier Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Patagonia (Argentina)

This paper presents a new titanosaur sauropod, collected from levels of reddish clays assigned to the Plottier Formation (Coniacian-Santonian). The holotype of Petrobrasaurus puestohernandezi gen. et. sp. nov. is a disarticulated specimen, from which teeth, cervical, dorsal and caudal vertebrae, sternal plates, metacarpals, femora, tibia, a fragment of ilium, pubis, haemal arches, and cervical and dorsal ribs have been preserved. This period is of particular interest because it saw the definitive isolation of the vertebrate faunas of Patagonia, with the separation of South America from the rest of Gondwana, a process that had begun during the Early Cretaceous. Although some of the characters observed in Petrobrasaurus gen. nov. suggest a relationship with the South American clade Lognkosauria, this new sauropod is regarded as Titanosauria incertae sedis until a more profound analysis of the Titanosauria that in which it is included is undertaken

Case report compatible with atypical myopathy occured in a grazzing horse occured in the north of Spain (Cantabria region)

La miopatía atípica, también llamada “mioglobinuria atípica”, es una enfermedad frecuentemente fatal, de origen desconocido, que afecta esporádicamente a caballos en pastoreo. Esta miopatía sólo ha sido confirmada en diferentes países europeos, aunque otros muchos casos compatibles también han sido comunicados en Australia, Canadá y Estados Unidos. El caballo considerado en el presente caso clínico, aparecido en el norte de España (Cantabria), padeció una enfermedad muscular de progreso agudo y rápido asociada con degeneración y necrosis de músculos respiratorios, posturales y linguales. Estas lesiones microscópicas observadas a nivel muscular, sumadas a los antecedentes, signos clínicos y datos laboratoriales, permiten establecer un diagnóstico compatible con miopatía atípica equina, lo que representa el primer caso de esta enfermedad comunicado en España. Aunque el principal agente etiológico implica es una planta tóxica endémica en la región (Senecio jacobea), esta enfermedad carece de tratamiento etiológico y, por ello, los veterinarios equinos que trabajan en el norte de España deben permanecer en alerta ante cualquier episodio clínico de esta enfermedad, para prevenir su aparición en otros caballos.Atypical myopathy, also called “atypical mioglobinuria”, is a frequently fatal myopathy of unknown origin occurring sporadically in grazing horses. The condition has been reported in several European countries and case reports prior the syndrome’s identification suggest that the condition has also been encountered in Australia, Canada and united States of America. The horse considered in the present case report, occurred in the north of Spain (Cantabria region), suffered a muscle disorder with a rapid and acute progress associated with degeneration and necrosis of respiratory, postural, and lingual muscles. These microscopic findings at the muscular level, added to the anamnesis, clinical signs and laboratorial data allow to establish a tentative diagnosis compatible with atypical myopathy. To our knowledge this case represents the first description of the condition in Spain. In spite the main suspected aetiological agent can be attributed to a local toxic plant (Senecio jacobea), this entity has not aetiological treatment. In consequence, equine practitioners in the north of Spain must be in alert to the early detection of any clinical case of this syndrome in order to prevent new episodes in other companion horses from the same pasture

Model biopsychicalsocial in the syndromes of vertebral pain: implications for the protocolize

[Resumen] De forma tradicional el modelo biomédico ha predominado en la práctica asistencial. A diferencia de éste, el modelo biopsicosocial considera a la persona como un todo y hace énfasis sobre la función en lugar de centrarse exclusivamente en el alivio del dolor. En este sentido, la Fisioterapia para el tratamiento de los problemas de espalda, y en concreto para la cervicalgia, tiene que considerar, además del alivio del dolor, la cronicidad y la recurrencia como elementos a considerar en el diseño de actividades protocolizadas.[Abstract] In a traditional way the biomedical model has prevailed in the health care. Against it the biopsychicalsocial pattern considers to the person as a whole and it makes emphasis on the function instead of being centered exclusively in the relief of the pain. In this sense, Physiotheraphy for the treatment of the back problems and in this case for the neck pain, it has to consider besides the relief of the pain, the chronic and the new episodies like elements to consider in the design of protocolized activities

Microbial Community Composition during a Bloom of Purple Bacteria in Intertidal Sediments in Vigo (Northwest Spain)

In summer 2019, a large, bright pink microbial mat was visible on top of macroalgal deposits in muddy sediments of an urban beach (Playa do Adro, Vigo). In order to characterize the dominant organisms in these colored mats, results from microscopic observations, photosynthetic pigments, and molecular analysis were gathered. Light microscopy examination revealed pinkish microbial aggregates with minor contributions of larger protists and cyanobacteria. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) pigment analysis documented the dominance of bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids whose spectra were compatible with those described in photosynthetic purple bacteria. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing confirmed that the vast majority of reads belonged to Proteobacteria (73.5%), and among them, nearly 88% of those reads belonged to purple sulfur bacteria (Gammaproteobacteria). A single family, Chromatiaceae, constituted the bulk of this assemblage, including the genera Thiohalocapsa (32%), Marichromatium (12.5%), Phaeochromatium (5%), and Halocromatium (2%) as main contributors. Nonetheless, a considerable number of sequences could not be assigned to a particular genus, stressing the large biological diversity in these microbial mats and the potential presence of novel taxa of purple sulfur bacteria.En prens

Regional surface temperature simulations over the Iberian Peninsula: evaluation and climate projections

The realism of a specifc confguration of the WRF Regional Climate Model (RCM) to represent the observed temperature evolution over the Iberian Peninsula (IP) in the 1971–2005 period has been analyzed. The E-OBS observational dataset was used for this purpose. Also, the added value of the WRF simulations with respect to the IPSL Earth System Model (ESM) used to drive the WRF RCM was evaluated. In general, WRF presents lower temperatures than in the observations (negative biases) over the IP. These biases are comparatively larger than those of the driving ESM. Once the biases are corrected, WRF provides an added value in terms of a higher spatial representation. WRF introduces more variability in some regions in comparison to gridded observation. Warming trends according to the observations are also well represented by the RCM. In the second part of this study, the projections of future climate performed with both the ESM and the RCM were evaluated for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios during the 21st century. Although both models simulate temperature increases, the RCM simulates a smaller warming than the ESM after the mid-21st century, except for winter. Using the WRF model, the maximum temperature increase reaches 6 ◦C and 3 ◦C for RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 in the south east of the Iberian Peninsula by the end of the 21st century, respectively

Slow relaxation in weakly open vertex-splitting rational polygons

The problem of splitting effects by vertex angles is discussed for nonintegrable rational polygonal billiards. A statistical analysis of the decay dynamics in weakly open polygons is given through the orbit survival probability. Two distinct channels for the late-time relaxation of type 1/t^delta are established. The primary channel, associated with the universal relaxation of ''regular'' orbits, with delta = 1, is common for both the closed and open, chaotic and nonchaotic billiards. The secondary relaxation channel, with delta > 1, is originated from ''irregular'' orbits and is due to the rationality of vertices.Comment: Key words: Dynamics of systems of particles, control of chaos, channels of relaxation. 21 pages, 4 figure

Long-range correlations in non-equilibrium systems: Lattice gas automaton approach

In systems removed from equilibrium, intrinsic microscopic fluctuations become correlated over distances comparable to the characteristic macroscopic length over which the external constraint is exerted. In order to investigate this phenomenon, we construct a microscopic model with simple stochastic dynamics using lattice gas automaton rules that satisfy local detailed balance. Because of the simplicity of the automaton dynamics, analytical theory can be developed to describe the space and time evolution of the density fluctuations. The exact equations for the pair correlations are solved explicitly in the hydrodynamic limit. In this limit, we rigorously derive the results obtained phenomenologically by fluctuating hydrodynamics. In particular, the spatial algebraic decay of the equal-time fluctuation correlations predicted by this theory is found to be in excellent agreement with the results of our lattice gas automaton simulations for two different types of boundary conditions. Long-range correlations of the type described here appear generically in dynamical systems that exhibit large scale anisotropy and lack detailed balance.Comment: 23 pages, RevTeX; to appear in Phys. Rev.