Complexity measures and uncertainty relations of the high-dimensional harmonic and hydrogenic systems

In this work we find that not only the Heisenberg-like uncertainty products and the R\'enyi-entropy-based uncertainty sum have the same first-order values for all the quantum states of the $D$-dimensional hydrogenic and oscillator-like systems, respectively, in the pseudoclassical ($D \to \infty$) limit but a similar phenomenon also happens for both the Fisher-information-based uncertainty product and the Shannon-entropy-based uncertainty sum, as well as for the Cr\'amer-Rao and Fisher-Shannon complexities. Moreover, we show that the LMC (L\'opez-Ruiz-Mancini-Calvet) and LMC-R\'enyi complexity measures capture the hydrogenic-harmonic difference in the high dimensional limit already at first order

Advanced fuel cell based on Perovskite La-SrTiO3 semiconductor as the electrolyte with superoxide-ion conduction

A solid oxide fuel cell’s (SOFC) performance is largely determined by the ionic-conducting electrolyte. A novel approach is presented for using the semiconductor perovskite LaR0.25RSrR0.75RTiOR3R (LST) as the electrolyte by creating surface superionic conduction, and the authors show that the LST electrolyte can deliver superior power density, 908.2 mW·cmP-2P at just 550 °C. The prepared LST materials formed a heterostructure including an insulating core and a super ionic conducting surface layer. The rapid ion transport along the surfaces or grain boundaries was identified as the primary means of oxygen ion conduction. The fuel cell-induced phase transition was observed from the insulating LST to a super OP2-P conductivity of 0.221 S·cmP-1P at 550 °C, leading to excellent current and power outputs

Standardized procedures important for improving single-component ceramic fuel cell technology

Standardized procedures important for improving single-component ceramic fuel cell technolog

Facile Preparation of Graphene-Copper Nanoparticle Composite by in Situ Chemical Reduction for Electrochemical Sensing of Carbohydrates

A novel graphene-copper nanoparticle composite was prepared by the in situ chemical reduction of a mixture containing graphene oxide and copper(II) ions using potassium borohydride as a reductant. It was mixed with paraffin oil and packed into one end of a fused capillary to fabricate microdisc electrodes for sensing carbohydrates. The morphology and structure of the graphene-copper nanoparticle composite were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that copper nanoparticles with an average diameter of 20.8 nm were successfully deposited on graphene nanosheets to form a well interconnected hybrid network. The analytical performance of these unique graphene-copper nanoparticle composite paste electrodes was demonstrated by sensing five carbohydrates in combination with cyclic voltammetry and capillary electrophoresis (CE). The advantages of the composite detectors include higher sensitivity, satisfactory stability, surface renewability, bulk modification, and low expense of fabrication. They should find applications in microchip CE, flowing-injection analysis, and other microfluidic analysis systems

generate_osc_v1.m

This script may be used to generate the profile of a near best-form Optimized Spline Concentrator (OSC) for any acceptance angle between 10 and 45 degrees, following the designs optimized using the tangent-normal perturbation approach

Germanene Growth on Al(111): A Case Study of Interface Effect

Using density functional theory calculations, we have studied germanene growth on Al(111) in detail. According to the polygons in Ge<i>_N</i> (<i>N</i> = 1–12) structures on a substrate, three structural growth modes are studied, which would lead to the growths of single-atom-thick hexagonal lattice, Kagome lattice, and buckled hexagonal superlattice germanenes. The buckled superlattices grown on pure Al(111) could reproduce the experimental scanning tunneling microscopy images, which however do not have good energetic and thermal stabilities. Detailed energy analyses suggest the possibility of forming an Al₂Ge surface alloy, on which the growths of the buckled superlattices turn to be preferable. Furthermore, such superlattice configurations become energetically and thermally stable. Their adhesive energy is ∼83 meV/Ų, which could be further decreased by hydrogenation to facilitate their separations from the Al₂Ge substrate. These studies highlight the effects of interface modification on tuning two-dimensional material growth. Also, surface alloying could be used as an effective pretreatment method to facilitate large-quantity fabrication of germanene on Al(111)

PbS/PbSe Hollow Spheres: Solvothermal Synthesis, Growth Mechanism, and Thermoelectric Transport Property

Uniform PbS/PbSe hollow spheres consisting of PbS and PbSe nanoparticles were synthesized by a facile solvothermal method in mixtures of ethylene glycol and tetrahydrofuran at 120 °C with the assistance of thioglycollic acid. Experimental parameters, such as reaction time, volume of thioglycollic acid, and volume ratio of ethylene glycol to tetrahydrofuran, played crucial roles in determining the morphologies and composites of the final products. Based on the electron microscope observations and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, the reaction process and growth mechanism of such hierarchitectures were proposed. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements and pore size distribution analysis revealed that the mesoporous existed in the product. Moreover, thermoelectric transport measurements demonstrated that the synergistic effects of PbS and PbSe would lead to enhancement of the electrical conductivity; the obtained binary phased PbS/PbSe hollow spheres had the maximum electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of 22.1 S cm^–1 and 323.3 μV/K, respectively, which were higher than those of pure PbSe nanoparticles

Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacokinetics of a Bone-Targeting Dual-Action Prodrug for the Treatment of Osteoporosis

A dual-action bone-targeting prodrug has been designed, synthesized, and evaluated for in vitro and in vivo metabolic stability, in vivo tissue distribution, and rates of release of the active constituents after binding to bones through the use of differentially double-labeled derivatives. The conjugate (general structure <b>7</b>) embodies the merger of a very potent and proven anabolic selective agonist of the prostaglandin EP4 receptor, compound <b>5</b>, and alendronic acid, a potent inhibitor of bone resorption, optimally linked through a differentially hydrolyzable linker unit, <i>N</i>-4-carboxymethylphenyl-methyloxycarbonyl-leucinyl-argininyl-<i>para</i>-aminophenylmethylalcohol (Leu-Arg-PABA). Optimized conjugate <b>16</b> was designed so that esterase activity will liberate <b>5</b> and cathepsin K cleavage of the Leu-Arg-PABA element will liberate alendronic acid. Studies with doubly radiolabeled <b>16</b> provide a proof-of-concept for the use of a cathepsin K cleavable peptide-linked conjugate for targeting of bisphosphonate prodrugs to bone and slow release liberation of the active constituents in vivo. Such conjugates are potential therapies for the treatment of bone disorders such as osteoporosis

Determination of the Rat in Vivo Pharmacokinetic Profile of a Bone-Targeting Dual-Action Pro-Drug for Treatment of Osteoporosis

The in vivo hydrolytic pathway of a dual-function bone-targeting EP4 receptor agonist-bisphosphonate pro-drug was deduced from radiolabeling experiments. A ¹⁴C labeled pro-drug was used to monitor liberation of the bisphosphonate and results were compared to parallel studies where the EP4 receptor agonist was labeled with ³H. The bone-adsorption of the ¹⁴C pro-drug following an IV bolus was about 10% compared to 7.8% for the tritiated pro-drug. The difference in release half-life (5.2 and 19.7 days from ³H and ¹⁴C experiments, respectively) indicated that, after binding to bone, the initial hydrolysis occurred at the ester moiety of the linker releasing the EP4 agonist. The conjugate was found to concentrate in more porous, high-surface-area regions of the long bones. Both ³H and ¹⁴C experiments indicated a short circulating half-life (1–2 h) in blood

Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacokinetics of a Bone-Targeting Dual-Action Prodrug for the Treatment of Osteoporosis

A dual-action bone-targeting prodrug has been designed, synthesized, and evaluated for in vitro and in vivo metabolic stability, in vivo tissue distribution, and rates of release of the active constituents after binding to bones through the use of differentially double-labeled derivatives. The conjugate (general structure <b>7</b>) embodies the merger of a very potent and proven anabolic selective agonist of the prostaglandin EP4 receptor, compound <b>5</b>, and alendronic acid, a potent inhibitor of bone resorption, optimally linked through a differentially hydrolyzable linker unit, <i>N</i>-4-carboxymethylphenyl-methyloxycarbonyl-leucinyl-argininyl-<i>para</i>-aminophenylmethylalcohol (Leu-Arg-PABA). Optimized conjugate <b>16</b> was designed so that esterase activity will liberate <b>5</b> and cathepsin K cleavage of the Leu-Arg-PABA element will liberate alendronic acid. Studies with doubly radiolabeled <b>16</b> provide a proof-of-concept for the use of a cathepsin K cleavable peptide-linked conjugate for targeting of bisphosphonate prodrugs to bone and slow release liberation of the active constituents in vivo. Such conjugates are potential therapies for the treatment of bone disorders such as osteoporosis