Alien Registration- Gallagher, James W. (Portland, Cumberland County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/24049/thumbnail.jp

Examining hope as a transdiagnostic mechanism of change across anxiety disorders and CBT treatment protocols.

Hope is a trait that represents the capacity to identify strategies or pathways to achieve goals and the motivation or agency to effectively pursue those pathways. Hope has been demonstrated to be a robust source of resilience to anxiety and stress and there is limited evidence that, as has been suggested for decades, hope may function as a core process or transdiagnostic mechanism of change in psychotherapy. The current study examined the role of hope in predicting recovery in a clinical trial in which 223 individuals with 1 of 4 anxiety disorders were randomized to transdiagnostic cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), disorder-specific CBT, or a waitlist controlled condition. Effect size results indicated moderate to large intraindividual increases in hope, that changes in hope were consistent across the five CBT treatment protocols, that changes in hope were significantly greater in CBT relative to waitlist, and that changes in hope began early in treatment. Results of growth curve analyses indicated that CBT was a robust predictor of trajectories of change in hope compared to waitlist, and that changes in hope predicted changes in both self-reported and clinician-rated anxiety. Finally, a statistically significant indirect effect was found indicating that the effects of treatment on changes in anxiety were mediated by treatment effects on hope. Together, these results suggest that hope may be a promising transdiagnostic mechanism of change that is relevant across anxiety disorders and treatment protocols.R01 MH090053 - NIMH NIH HHSAccepted manuscrip

Ratcheting synthesis

Synthetic chemistry has traditionally relied on reactions between reactants of high chemical potential and transformations that proceed energetically downhill to either a global or local minimum (thermodynamic or kinetic control). Catalysts can be used to manipulate kinetic control, lowering activation energies to influence reaction outcomes. However, such chemistry is still constrained by the shape of one-dimensional reaction coordinates. Coupling synthesis to an orthogonal energy input can allow ratcheting of chemical reaction outcomes, reminiscent of the ways that molecular machines ratchet random thermal motion to bias conformational dynamics. This fundamentally distinct approach to synthesis allows multi-dimensional potential energy surfaces to be navigated, enabling reaction outcomes that cannot be achieved under conventional kinetic or thermodynamic control. In this Review, we discuss how ratcheted synthesis is ubiquitous throughout biology and consider how chemists might harness ratchet mechanisms to accelerate catalysis, drive chemical reactions uphill and programme complex reaction sequences.<br/

Observations and simulations of nova Vul 1984 no. 2: A nova with ejecta rich in oxygen, neon, and magnesium

Nova Vul 1984 no. 2 was observed with IUE from Dec. 1984 through Nov. 1987. The spectra are characterized by strong lines from Mg, Ne, C, Si, O, N, and other elements. Data obtained in the ultraviolet, infrared, and optical show that this nova is ejecting material rich in oxygen, neon, and magnesium

Luigi Dallapiccola's Liriche greche : an analysis for performance

In the early 1940s, composer Luigi Dallapiccola (1904-1975) wrote a triptych of song cycles for voice and instruments, the Liriche greche ("Greek Lyrics"). The individual cycles are Cinque frammenti di Saffo ("Five Sappho Fragments," 1942); Sex carmina Alcaei ("Six Alcaeus Songs," 1943); and Due liriche di Aruicreonte ("Two Anacreon Lyrics," 1944-45). The songs, settings of Salvatore Quasimodo's Italian translation of ancient Greek lyrics, were the first works Dallapiccola composed in his mature, dodecaphonic style. For Dallapiccola—twentieth-century man, Italian, Central European, lover of literature, essayist, protester against oppression, and composer—music was a means of self-expression. The central questions of this study are; what does Dallapiccola wish to express in the Liriche greche, and how does he express it? The nature of the songs is related to the circumstances of their composition. Dallapiccola suffered particular hardship in World War II Italy. He lived in fear because his wife was Jewish; he abhorred the fascist government; and he felt ostracized by the musical public. Inspired by the "supreme equilibrium" of Quasimodo's Greek lyrics, Dallapiccola retreated from the war into the "spiritual refuge" of ancient civilization