15 research outputs found
Tetranuclear coordination assemblies based on half-sandwich ruthenium(II) complexes. Non covalent binding to DNA and cytotoxicity.
The reaction of [(cymene)RuCl2]2 with K2Hoxonate (H3oxonic = 4,6-dihydroxy-2-carboxy-1,3,5-triazine acid) in methanol leads to the formation of the dinuclear half-sandwich ruthenium(II) complex [(cymene)2Ru2(\u3bc-Hoxonato)Cl2] (1a). Removal of the chloride ligands of 1a by treatment with AgCF3SO3 yields [(cymene)2Ru2(\u3bc-Hoxonato)(CF3SO3)2] (1b), which, upon posterior reaction with N,N'-linkers (L = 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-bpy), 4,7-phenantroline (4,7-phen)), gives rise to the formation of the tetranuclear open boxes [(cymene)4Ru4(\u3bc-Hoxonato)2(\u3bc-N,N'-L)2](CF3SO3)4 (2a, L = 4,4'-bpy; 2b, L = 4,7-phen). These systems have been characterized by 1HNMR, UV-vis, and ESI-MS. The single-crystal structures of the dinuclear precursor 1a and of the clathrate 2b 824,7-phen have been determined. The interaction of these systems with cysteine, mononucleotides, and calf-thymus DNA has been studied by means of 1HNMR, UV-vis, circular dicroism, competitive binding assays, and atomic force microscopy imaging. The results show that the robust tetracationic ruthenium(II) cyclic systems 2a and 2b do not give ligand exchange reactions toward biorelevant ligands. Nevertheless, these systems are able to noncovalently bind to DNA, probably at the surface of the major groove, inducing significant conformational changes in this biomolecule. It is also interesting to note that compounds 2a and 2b, in spite of only giving supramolecular interactions with biomolecules, exhibit antitumor activity, particularly toward the human ovarian cancer cell line A2780cisR, showing acquired resistance to cisplatin, with respective 4.6 and 8.3 microM IC50 values
Activity, a variable in the time : University of peace and reconciliation in 12 Commune of Medellín
La investigación indagó la relación entre actividad y tiempo, proponiendo cuatro categorías teóricas como hipótesis que, permiten el desarrollo en el proyecto arquitectónico en una Ciudad Universitaria en Medellín: Forma constante, Muerte, Arquitectura móvil y Contenedor. Esto ya que, la arquitectura contemporánea no presta atención a la vida útil del proyecto, es decir, en la actualidad, el objetivo de la disciplina está en proyectar espacios que perduren eternamente, omitiendo el tiempo como estrategia de composición. A partir de esto, la indagación abordó la composición del proyecto arquitectónico desde la definición formal de la relación actividad / tiempo. La investigación agrupo las reflexiones teóricas en un encargo que propicia y evidencia la actividad, el tiempo y el proyecto arquitectónico: una Ciudad Universitaria en la Comuna 12 de Medellín. El proceso metodológico, fue basado en tres aspectos: analizar, analogar y componer. Un proceso cíclico en el que, fue necesario analizar modelos paradigmáticos para componer y componer para analizar. La analogía proyectual al momento de analizar develó lógicas formales, para después asumir estrategias y operaciones relacionadas con el tiempo y la actividad. Los resultados de la investigación no están orientados en ofrecer instrumentos para lograr la permanencia en la eternidad, en cambio propone una postura consiente de la relación entre actividad y tiempo, para demostrar las reflexiones teóricas sobre la actividad y el tiempo en la composición de una Ciudad UniversitariaThe investigation inquired the association between activity and time in the architectural project in a University Campus in Medellín, since, contemporary architecture excludes this relation in the design process. In other words, at present, the discipline objective is to project spaces that will last forever, omitting time as a compositional strategy. From this, the research addressed the composition of the architectural project from the formal definition of the activity / time association. Grouping the study in a commission that promotes and demonstrates the activity, time and architectural project: A University Campus in the Commune 12 of Medellín. The methodological process was based on three aspects: analyze, analogy and compose. A cyclical process in which it is necessary to analyze paradigmatic models to compose and compose to analyze. The project analogy showed formal logics at the analyzing, then assume strategies and operations applied in the composition. The results of the research are not oriented to offer instruments to achieve permanence in eternity, instead proposes a conscientious position of the relationship between activity and time, to demonstrate the theoretical reflections on the activity and time in the composition of a University Campus
IVRIPARC project: a method for assessing the impact of global change on geoheritage of the Canary Islands national parks (Spain)
El patrimonio geológico y la geodiversidad de los parques nacionales contribuyen, junto con la biodiversidad, para que sean espacios naturales protegidos únicos en el país, pero también únicos a nivel mundial. El patrimonio geológico es de carácter no renovable, de tal forma que, si se pierden o degradan, lo hacen para siempre. Ante el escenario del cambio global, el patrimonio geológico de los parques nacionales canarios es muy vulnerable a los impactos
rovocados por los cambios en la temperatura, avenidas torrenciales, tormentas extremas, sequías, desertificación y ascenso del nivel del mar, fundamentalmente, y a los impactos derivados de la actividad humana. Estos fenómenos provocan la activación de procesos geológicos que afectan directamente a su conservación, de tal forma que es
necesario identificar los Lugares de Interés Geológico más amenazados, evaluar su incidencia y establecer los indicadores a escala de cada parque nacional para realizar su seguimiento. Conocer el estado de conservación actual, su vulnerabilidad y sus amenazas directas contribuirá a la gestión de los parques para el proceso de adaptación y mitigación del cambio global.The geoheritage and geodiversity of the national parks contribute, together with biodiversity, to make them protected natural areas that are unique in Spain, but also unique worldwide. Geoheritage is non-renewable and if it is lost or degraded it does so forever. Under the Global Change and Climate Change scenario, the geoheritage of the Canary national parks is highly vulnerable to the impacts caused
by changes in temperature, flash floods, extreme storms, droughts, desertification, fires and sea level rise, fundamentally and to the impacts directly derived from human activity. These phenomena trigger the activation of geological processes that directly affect their conservation, in such a way that it is necessary to identify the geosites most threatened, to evaluate their impact and to establish the indicators at the scale of each national park for monitoring them. The knowledge of the current conservation status of geoheritage, its vulnerability and its direct threats will contribute to the management of the national parks for the process of adaptation and mitigation of Global Change.Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaDepto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEOrganismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionalespu
Formation of heterotopic metallacalix[n] arenes (n = 3, 4, 6) containing ethylenediaminepalladium(II) metal fragments and 4,7-phenanthroline and 2-pyrimidinolate bridges. Synthesis, structure and host-guest chemistry
A multicomponent reaction involving ethylenediaminepalladium(II), 2-pyrimidinol derivatives (L) [L = 2-pyrimidinol (a); 4-methyl-2-pyrimidinol (b); 4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinol (c)] and 4,7-phenanthroline (4,7-phen) leads to the formation of heterotopic cyclic metallamacrocycles of the type [Pd n(en)n(\u3bc-N,N\u2032-L)m(\u3bc-N,N\u2032-4,7- phen)n-m](2n-m)- [n = 3, m = 1 (3); n = 4, m = 2 (4); n = 6, m = 4 (5)]. These species can be obtained by different reaction pathways, including: (i) reaction of ethylene diaminepalladium(II), L and 4,7-phen building blocks and (ii) reaction of the homotopic species [Pd 4(en)4(\u3bc-N,N\u2032-L)4]4+ (1) and [Pd3(en)3(\u3bc,N,N\u2032-4,7-phen)3] 6+ (2). The resulting heterotopic metallamacrocycles have been characterised by 1D and 2D 1H NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, species 3c and 4a have been studied by X-ray crystallography. The former one contains almost isosceles triangles of [Pd3(en)3(\u3bc-N,N\u2032-4, 6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinolate)(\u3bc-N,N\u2032-4,7-phen)2] 5+ formulation, exhibiting a pinched-cone conformation. 4a contains a tetranuclear parallelogram [Pd4(en)4(\u3bc-N,N\u2032-2- pyrimidinolate)2(\u3bc-N,N\u2032-4,7-phenanthroline) 2]6+, exhibiting a 1,3-alternate conformation. The host-guest properties of the here reported species have been studied, showing that they are able to interact with cationic as well as with anionic species
Plan de negocio de empresa de venta de joyería fina en oro de bajos kilatajes y plata
En la presente investigación se alcanzó medir como objetivo la viabilidad de un plan de negocios para la puesta en marcha de una empresa de venta de joyería fina en oro de bajo kilataje (9K,10K y 14K), plata y plata bañada en oro, dirigida al público femenino, el cual tendrá como segmento objetivo la mujer peruana que lleva un estilo de vida “sofisticado” y “moderna”, la cual se encuentra ubicada principalmente en Lima Metropolitana. Contando con la sinergia de nuevas tecnologías como: la realidad aumentada, las plataformas digitales, las Dark Stores y las redes sociales, en la cual la identificado como potenciales nuevas alternativas de comercio en el rubro de joyería, que permiten mayor y ágil interacción a través de canales digitales, mejorando incluso la experiencia de compra. Como resultado, tras la evaluación económica se considera realizar una inversión de S/ 102,321.00, aplicando una tasa de descuento del 30% (por el perfil de riesgo) y un horizonte operativo de 5 años, obteniendo un VAN de S/ 44,091 y un TIR de 44%. En base al análisis realizado, se pudo afirmar la viabilidad del plan de negocios y se recomienda la implementación de este modelo de negocio
Soft functional polynuclear coordination compounds containing pyrimidine bridges
In this account, we describe the use of simple pyrimidine derivatives in combination with metal ions to build highly structured molecular architectures containing functional nanoenvironments, cavities and surfaces that can interact with additional species. The supramolecular structure of these systems can be rationally controlled by metal fragment geometry, reaction conditions and presence of templating agents. Thus, the use of transition metals with low coordination numbers or blocked bonding positions in combination with pyrimidines (e.g. 2-hydroxypyrimidine, 4-hydroxypyrimidine, 2,4- dihydroxypyrimidine, 2-aminopyrimidine) leads to the formation of either discrete assemblies, 1D polymers or helixes. When metal ions with higher coordination possibilities are applied instead, 2D and 3D networks are generated. Some of the assemblies built in this way possess functional cavities, pores and surfaces that can interact with additional species by means of hydrophobic, electrostatic, H-bonding interactions and coordinative bonds to give rise to recognition processes. The latter range from molecular recognition in homogeneous phase as well as clathrate formation, to heterogeneous solid-gas and solid-liquid adsorption phenomena. It should be noted that these materials are not rigid but able to undergo guest-induced reorganisation processes even in the solid state. Finally, some of these materials also combine additional interesting magneto-optical properties. Thus, dual systems can be envisaged in which two or more of these properties are present in the same material
Ghrelin and adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells improve nerve regeneration in a rat model of epsilon-caprolactone conduit reconstruction
Objective. Attempts have been made to
improve nerve conduits in peripheral nerve
reconstruction. We investigated the potential therapeutic
effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal cells (ASCs) and
ghrelin (GHR), a neuropeptide with neuroprotective,
trophic, and developmental regulatory actions, on
peripheral nerve regeneration in a model of severe nerve
injury repaired with nerve conduits.
Material and methods. The right sciatic nerves of 24
male Wistar rats were 10-mm transected unilaterally and
repaired with Dl-lactic-ε-caprolactone conduits. Rats
were then treated locally with saline, ASCs, or GHR. At
12 weeks post-surgery, we assessed limb function by
measuring ankle stance angle and percentage muscle
mass reduction and evaluated the histopathology,
immunohistochemistry, ultrastructure, and morphometry
of myelinated fibers.
Main Results. Rats receiving GHR or ASCs showed
no significant increased functional recovery in ankle
stance angle (p=0.372) but a higher nerve area
(p=0.015), myelin area (p=0.046) and number of
myelinated fibers (p=0.012) in the middle and distal
segments of operated sciatic nerves in comparison to
saline-treated control animals.
Conclusion. These results suggest that utilization of
ghrelin or ASCs may improve nerve regeneration using
Dl-lactic-ε-caprolactone conduits
Colombian surgical outcomes study insights on perioperative mortality rate, a main indicator of the lancet commission on global surgery – a prospective cohort studyResearch in context
Summary: Background: Surgical care holds significant importance in healthcare, especially in low and middle-income countries, as at least 50% of the 4.2 million deaths within the initial 30 days following surgery take place in these countries. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery proposed six indicators to enhance surgical care. In Colombia, studies have been made using secondary data. However, strategies to reduce perioperative mortality have not been implemented. This study aims to describe the fourth indicator, perioperative mortality rate (POMR), with primary data in Colombia. Methods: A multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted across 54 centres (hospitals) in Colombia. Each centre selected a 7-day recruitment period between 05/2022 and 01/2023. Inclusion criteria involved patients over 18 years of age undergoing surgical procedures in operating rooms. Data quality was ensured through a verification guideline and statistical analysis using mixed-effects multilevel modelling with a case mix analysis of mortality by procedure-related, patient-related, and hospital-related conditions. Findings: 3807 patients were included with a median age of 48 (IQR 32–64), 80.3% were classified as ASA I or II, and 27% of the procedures had a low-surgical complexity. Leading procedures were Orthopedics (19.2%) and Gynaecology/Obstetrics (17.7%). According to the Clavien–Dindo scale, postoperative complications were distributed in major complications (11.7%, 10.68–12.76) and any complication (31.6%, 30.09–33.07). POMR stood at 1.9% (1.48–2.37), with elective and emergency surgery mortalities at 0.7% (0.40–1.23) and 3% (2.3–3.89) respectively. Interpretation: The POMR was higher than the ratio reported in previous national studies, even when patients had a low–risk profile and low-complexity procedures. The present research represents significant public health progress with valuable insights for national decision-makers to improve the quality of surgical care. Funding: This work was supported by Universidad del Rosario and Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología grant number CTO-057-2021, project-ID IV-FGV017
New landscape of science, technology and innovation
La Ingeniería Química Colombiana está inmersa en nuevos panoramas de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación que traen consigo grandes retos para la industria, la academia y el Estado. Las investigaciones multidisciplinarias en energía, materiales, ingeniería de procesos y bioprocesos han llevado a estrategias de emprendimiento e innovación que prometen ser base de desarrollo en el país. En los siguientes capítulos se presentan los resultados más relevantes de las investigaciones realizadas por 19 instituciones colombianas en cooperación con 7 universidades internacionales, así como las contribuciones científicas de numerosas empresas colombianas. Este libro compila 236 resúmenes de investigaciones clasificadas en las siguientes líneas temáticas:1. Bioprocesos - 2. Economía circular - 3. Educación en Ingeniería Química - 4. Emprendimiento e innovación en Ingeniería Química - 5. Energías alternativas - 6. Oil & Gas - 7. Procesos y ciencia - 8. Tecnología en Ingeniería Química y simulación - 9. Tópicos ambientales - 10. MaterialesColombian Chemical Engineering is immersed in new scenarios of Science, Technology and Innovation that bring great challenges for industry, academia and the State. Multidisciplinary research in energy, materials, process engineering and bioprocesses have led to entrepreneurship and innovation strategies that promise to be the basis for development in the country. The following chapters present the most relevant results of the research carried out by 19 Colombian institutions in cooperation with 7 international universities, as well as the scientific contributions of numerous Colombian companies. This book compiles 236 research summaries classified in the following thematic lines: 1. Bioprocesses - 2. Circular economy - 3. Education in Chemical Engineering - 4. Entrepreneurship and innovation in Chemical Engineering - 5. Alternative energies - 6. Oil & Gas - 7. Processes and science - 8. Technology in Chemical Engineering and simulation - 9 Environmental topics - 10. MaterialsUniversidad EA