Typical examples of destruction, Kharkiv city (photo credits: Bogdan Chorniy).

Typical examples of destruction, Kharkiv city (photo credits: Bogdan Chorniy).</p

Minimum, mean and maximum carbon emissions from rebuilding completely destroyed residential buildings by July 2022 with mass timber or steel or concrete in Ukraine.

Minimum, mean and maximum carbon emissions from rebuilding completely destroyed residential buildings by July 2022 with mass timber or steel or concrete in Ukraine.</p

Changes in annual atmospheric nitrogen deposition based on TM3 model simulations from 1860 to 2000

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Contributions of nitrogen deposition and forest regrowth to terrestrial carbon uptake"</p><p>http://www.cbmjournal.com/content/2/1/5</p><p>Carbon Balance and Management 2007;2():5-5.</p><p>Published online 29 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1894630.</p><p></p> Black arrows on the plot show years when forests were assumed to be planted in simulations with middle-aged and young forests

Changes in land carbon uptake in response to increasing nitrogen deposition and both nitrogen deposition and forest regrowth

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Contributions of nitrogen deposition and forest regrowth to terrestrial carbon uptake"</p><p>http://www.cbmjournal.com/content/2/1/5</p><p>Carbon Balance and Management 2007;2():5-5.</p><p>Published online 29 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1894630.</p><p></p> The presented values are differences in net carbon uptake modelled with and without increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition for mature, young and middle-aged forests. The bars show global carbon uptake averaged for 1980's and 1990's

Appendix B. A table listing the pH values and estimated clay contents of the sites' soil layers.

A table listing the pH values and estimated clay contents of the sites' soil layers

Appendix C. A table listing the estimated relative soil water content of the sites in summer.

A table listing the estimated relative soil water content of the sites in summer

Appendix A. Three tables listing Δ14C values and corresponding estimated turnover times of litter, light, and heavy SOM fractions.

Three tables listing Δ14C values and corresponding estimated turnover times of litter, light, and heavy SOM fractions

Table1_Future buildings as carbon sinks: Comparative analysis of timber-based building typologies regarding their carbon emissions and storage.XLSX

The building and construction sector is responsible for a large share of carbon emissions resulting in the need to reduce them to mitigate climate change. Timber construction methods promise to lower emissions combined with biogenic carbon storage in the built environment. While there are several studies comparing the emissions of mineral-based and timber-based buildings, a consistent comparison of different timber-based building assemblies is still missing. This study compares carbon emissions from material production and carbon storage capabilities of four timber-based and two brick and reinforced concrete building assemblies. These assemblies were designed for a residential multi-storey building in Berlin, Germany. To compare and rank the carbon impacts of these assemblies we introduce a carbon storage-to-emission ratio. The calculations were performed using a Carbon Cycle Assessment Model implementation in Python. The results indicate an average reduction in carbon emissions of timber-based building assemblies by 32.6% to “Brick” and 40.4% to “Reinforced Concrete”, respectively. Across the timber-based building assemblies, the carbon emissions range between 85 t and 115 t, leading to an average of 105 t per building. Pronounced differences were observed in carbon storage, with the “Dowel Laminated Timber” building assembly storing more than three times the amount of carbon compared to “Light Weight Timber” assembly. To further reduce emissions from buildings and the construction sector and potentially enhance urban carbon storage, “Glue Laminated Timber” and “Dowel Laminated Timber” building assemblies were identified as the most promising.</p

How Does the Amount and Composition of PM Deposited on <i>Platanus acerifolia</i> Leaves Change Across Different Cities in Europe?

Particulate matter (PM) deposited on <i>Platanus acerifolia</i> tree leaves has been sampled in the urban areas of 28 European cities, over 20 countries, with the aim of testing leaf deposited particles as indicator of atmospheric PM concentration and composition. Leaves have been collected close to streets characterized by heavy traffic and within urban parks. Leaf surface density, dimensions, and elemental composition of leaf deposited particles have been compared with leaf magnetic content, and discussed in connection with air quality data. The PM quantity and size were mainly dependent on the regional background concentration of particles, while the percentage of iron-based particles emerged as a clear marker of traffic-related pollution in most of the sites. This indicates that <i>Platanus acerifolia</i> is highly suitable to be used in atmospheric PM monitoring studies and that morphological and elemental characteristics of leaf deposited particles, joined with the leaf magnetic content, may successfully allow urban PM source apportionment