L'abus de pouvoirs en droit administratif canadien et québécois

In the exercise of their functions, administrative authorities may happen to abuse their powers. The courts may then interfere. Judicial review of administrative action may be styled « objective » or « subjective ». In the first case, one ascertains whether the action under review keeps within the law. In the second, the test refers to the aims of the enabling legislation. Of course, the efficency of the latter type of review depends on the scope of the discretion delegated to the administrative authority : as the scope of discretion widens, opportunities for review narrow down. Moreover, review may be made difficult where the administrative authority is not compelled by law to give reasons for its decisions and also where the aims sought by the delegating legislature are not crystal clear. Courts may set aside administrative decisions based on irrelevant grounds or taken in bad faith. In other words, want of public interest justifies judicial intervention, even in the face of privative clauses. Courts may also consider the reasonableness of administrative action, and quash rulings which are discriminatory or arrived at without justification

Adding SALT to Coupled Microcavities: the making of active photonic molecule lasers

A large body of work has accumulated over the years in the study of the optical properties of single and coupled microcavities for a variety of applications, ranging from filters to sensors and lasers. The focus has been mostly on the geometry of individual resonators and/or on their combination in arrangements often referred to as photonic molecules (PMs). Our primary concern will be the lasing properties of PMs as ideal candidates for the fabrication of integrated microlasers, photonic molecule lasers. Whereas most calculations on PM lasers have been based on cold-cavity (passive) modes, i.e. quasi-bound states, a recently formulated steady-state ab initio laser theory (SALT) offers the possibility to take into account the spectral properties of the underlying gain transition, its position and linewidth, as well as incorporating an arbitrary pump profile. We will combine two theoretical approaches to characterize the lasing properties of PM lasers: for two-dimensional systems, the generalized Lorenz-Mie theory will obtain the resonant modes of the coupled molecules in an active medium described by SALT. Not only is then the theoretical description more complete, the use of an active medium provides additional parameters to control, engineer and harness the lasing properties of PM lasers for ultra-low threshold and directional single-mode emission.Comment: 16th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (2014

Optimization of integrated polarization filters

This study reports on the design of small footprint, integrated polarization filters based on engineered photonic lattices. Using a rods-in-air lattice as a basis for a TE filter and a holes-in-slab lattice for the analogous TM filter, we are able to maximize the degree of polarization of the output beams up to 98 % with a transmission efficiency greater than 75 %. The proposed designs allow not only for logical polarization filtering, but can also be tailored to output an arbitrary transverse beam profile. The lattice configurations are found using a recently proposed parallel tabu search algorithm for combinatorial optimization problems in integrated photonics

Ab initio investigation of lasing thresholds in photonic molecules

We investigate lasing thresholds in a representative photonic molecule composed of two coupled active cylinders of slightly different radii. Specifically, we use the recently formulated steady-state ab initio laser theory (SALT) to assess the effect of the underlying gain transition on lasing frequencies and thresholds. We find that the order in which modes lase can be modified by choosing suitable combinations of the gain center frequency and linewidth, a result that cannot be obtained using the conventional approach of quasi-bound modes. The impact of the gain transition center on the lasing frequencies, the frequency pulling effect, is also quantified

Des Cantons-de-l’Est à l’Estrie

Les auteurs reprennent, dans l'oeuvre de Blanchard, les chapitres sur les Cantons-de-l'Est et en font la mise à jour. La physiographie de même que l'évolution glaciaire et post-glaciaire du milieu physique sont dorénavant mieux connues. L'agriculture se caractérise par l'élevage et la production laitière, le bois demeurant une activité d'appoint. Le développement récent a été influencé par les transports routiers, successeurs du transport ferroviaire. La structure industrielle repose toujours sur les secteurs traditionnels que sont le bois, l'amiante et le textile auxquels se sont ajoutées récemment les industries de micro-technologies. Le tourisme est dorénavant considéré comme l'industrie la plus prometteuse. L'Estrie est-elle encore cette sublime région du Québec que dépeint le dithyrambe de Blanchard ?The authors review and bring up to date the information pertaining to the Eastern Townships in Blanchard's work. With present day knowledge, the physical milieu is more fully understood, particularly the glacial and post-glacial periods. Cattle, pig and milk production are the mainstays of the agriculture industry, while wood cutting is on the decline. Road transportation has supplanted railroads as a main factor in the area's recent development. The main industrial sector is still identified to wood transformation, asbestos mining and textile production; these old industries are being gradually replaced by smaller ones dealing with micro-technologies. Tourism is now an important sector of economic activity. Are the Eastern Townships still that idyllic area of Québec that Blanchard presented in his work

Computer-assisted aircraft anti-icing fluids endurance time determination

Deicing and anti-icing the aircraft using proper chemical fluids, prior takeoff, are mandatory. A thin layer of ice or snow can compromise the safety, causing lift loss and drag increase. Commercialized deicing and anti-icing fluids all pass a qualification process which is described in Society of Automotive Engineering (SAE) documents. Most of them are endurance time tests under freezing and frozen contaminants, under simulated and natural conditions. They all have in common that the endurance times have to be determined by visual inspection. When a certain proportion of the test plate is covered with contaminants, the endurance time test is called. In the goal of minimizing human error resulting from visual inspection and helping in the interpretation of fluid failure, help-decision computer-assisted algorithms have been developed and tested under different conditions. The algorithms are based on common image processing techniques. The algorithms have been tested under three different icing conditions, water spray endurance test, indoor snow test and light freezing rain tests, and were compared to the times determined by three experimented technicians. A total of 14 tests have been compared. From them, 11 gave a result lower than 5% of the results given by the technicians. In conclusion, the computer-assisted algorithms developed are efficient enough to support the technicians in their failure call. However, further works need to be performed to improve the analysis

Intérêt des balados dans la formation continue en pharmacie hospitalière : revue narrative, balisage et phase pilote

Objectif : L’objectif principal du projet est de recenser les données sur les balados. Les objectifs secondaires sont de vérifier l’utilisation des balados par les chefs des départements de pharmacie et de tester la faisabilité de produire quatre balados. Méthode : Revue de littérature. Sondage auprès des chef de département de pharmacie du Québec. Faisabilité et réalisation de quatre balados auprès de quatre pharmaciens exerçant au Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine. Résultats : Dix-neuf articles portant sur les balados dans le domaine de la santé ont été recensés, notamment des initiatives hétérogènes, particulièrement en médecine et en pharmacie. Seulement 21 % (5/24) des chefs des départements de pharmacie des établissements de santé du Québec avaient écouté plus de six balados. Vingt pour cent (4/20) des hôpitaux sondés au Québec en avaient produit un, mais aucun département de pharmacie de ces mêmes établissements de santé. Notre équipe a produit quatre balados entre juin et août 2022. Quinze des 16 membres ciblés (94 %) du département ont répondu au sondage d’appréciation après l’écoute des balados pilotes. Près de la moitié (40 %) considéraient que leur durée était trop longue et tous les répondants considéraient que les balados étaient utiles aux étudiants en réflexion de carrière. Conclusion : Il existe peu de données entourant l’utilisation des balados dans le domaine de la santé. Cette étude descriptive met en évidence le peu de données publiées dans la littérature. Un balisage auprès des chefs de département de pharmacie du Québec confirme un recours limité aux balados en pratique, mais un intérêt pour ce mode de diffusion pour la formation continue des pharmaciens hospitaliers. Abstract Objective: The primary objective of the project was to compile data on podcasts. The secondary objectives were to assess the use of podcasts by chief pharmacists and to examine the feasibility of producing four podcasts. Method: Literature review. Survey distributed to chief pharmacists in Quebec health-care centres. Feasibility and development of four podcasts with four Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine pharmacists. Results: Nineteen articles on podcasts in health-care were identified, notably pertaining to a wide variety of initiatives specifically in medicine and pharmacy. Only 21% (5/24) of chief pharmacists in Quebec’s health-care centres had listened to more than six podcasts. Twenty percent (4/20) of the hospitals surveyed in Quebec had produced one podcast, but none of the pharmacy departments in these centres had produced any. Our team created four podcasts between June and August 2022. Fifteen of the sixteen department members who were approached (94%) responded to the satisfaction survey after listening to the pilot podcasts. Nearly half (40%) of respondents felt that the podcasts were too long, and all of them felt that they were useful for students planning their career. Conclusion: There are few data on the use of podcasts in the health-care field. This descriptive study highlights the paucity of published data. A survey among chief pharmacists in Quebec health-care centres confirmed the limited use of podcasts in practice, but also revealed an interest in using podcasts for hospital pharmacists’ continuing education

F.A.R.O.G. FORUM, Vol. 5 No. 8

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/francoamericain_forum/1064/thumbnail.jp