Antibiotic cycling therapy reduces occurrence of surgical site infections after cardiac surgery

Background: The scheduled changing of antibiotics type (antibiotic cycling therapy) has been reported as an effective prophylaxis to reduce the incidence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. In this study, we aimed to clarify the preventive effects of antibiotic cycling therapy on surgical site infections after cardiac surgery. Methods: 618 patients underwent elective cardiac surgery in our department. We examined the frequency of occurrence of SSI between different groups, Cycling group, using single antibiotics with changing the type every 3 months, and Combined group, using two types of antibiotics together at once. Result: 284 patients was participated in Cycling group, 334 was in Combined group. 3 patients (1.1%) developed SSI after cardiac surgery in Cycling group, and 13 (3.9%) in Combined group (p=0.027). Antibiotic cycling therapy was an independent factor of the risk of SSI with an odds ratio of 0.2 (confidence interval [CI]: 0.07?0.9, p=0.030), and the risk of SSI caused by antibiotic?resistant bacteria with an odds ratio of 0.2 (CI: 0.05?1.0, p=0.054). Conclusion: Antibiotic cycling therapy reduced the incidence of antibiotic?resistant bacteria and SSI after cardiac surgery. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed, antibiotic cycling therapy was an independent factor to lower the occurrence of postoperative SSI and SSI related antibiotic?resistant bacteria.Article富山大学医学会誌, 21(1), 2010.10, pp.48-52departmental bulletin pape

Japanese health and physical education teachers’ positioning in teaching Japanese language learners in high school physical education

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NFkB Disrupts Tissue Polarity in 3D by Preventing Integration of Microenvironmental Signals

The microenvironment of cells controls their phenotype, and thereby the architecture of the emerging multicellular structure or tissue. We have reported more than a dozen microenvironmental factors whose signaling must be integrated in order to effect an organized, functional tissue morphology. However, the factors that prevent integration of signaling pathways that merge form and function are still largely unknown. We have identified nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) as a transcriptional regulator that disrupts important microenvironmental cues necessary for tissue organization. We compared the gene expression of organized and disorganized epithelial cells of the HMT-3522 breast cancer progression series: the non-malignant S1 cells that form polarized spheres (\u27acini\u27), the malignant T4-2 cells that form large tumor-like clusters, and the \u27phenotypically reverted\u27 T4-2 cells that polarize as a result of correction of the microenvironmental signaling. We identified 180 genes that display an increased expression in disorganized compared to polarized structures. Network, GSEA and transcription factor binding site analyses suggested that NFkB is a common activator for the 180 genes. NFkB was found to be activated in disorganized breast cancer cells, and inhibition of microenvironmental signaling via EGFR, beta1 integrin, MMPs, or their downstream signals suppressed its activation. The postulated role of NFkB was experimentally verified: Blocking the NFkB pathway with a specific chemical inhibitor or shRNA induced polarization and inhibited invasion of breast cancer cells in 3D cultures. These results may explain why NFkB holds promise as a target for therapeutic intervention: Its inhibition can reverse the oncogenic signaling involved in breast cancer progression and integrate the essential microenvironmental control of tissue architecture

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe