2,509 research outputs found
Expression of the insulin-like growth factor-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptor in multiple human tissues during fetal life and early infancy
The insulin like growth factor-II/mannose-6-phosphate (IGF-II/M6P) receptor has been detected in many cells and tissues. In the rat, there is a dramatic developmental regulation of IGF-II/M6P receptor expression, the receptor being high in fetal and neonatal tissues and declining thereafter. We have systematically studied the expression of the human IGF-II/M6P receptor protein in tissues from 10 human fetuses and infants (age 23 weeks gestation to 24 months postnatal). We have asked 1) whether there is differential expression among different organs, and 2) whether or not the human IGF-II/M6P receptor is developmentally regulated from 23 weeks gestation to 24 months postnatal. Protein was extracted from human tissues using a buffer containing 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2% Triton X-100. Aliquots of the protein extracts were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting using an anti-IGF- II/M6P receptor antiserum (no. 66416) and 125I-protein A or an immunoperoxidase stain. IGF-II/M6P receptor immunoreactivity was detected in all tissues studied with the highest amount of receptor being expressed in heart, thymus, and kidney and the lowest receptor content being measured in brain and muscle. The receptor content in ovary, testis, lung, and spleen was intermediate. The apparent molecular weight of the IGF-II/M6P receptor (220,000 kilos without reduction of disulfide bonds) varied among the different tissues: in brain the receptor was of lower molecular weight than in other organs. Immunoquantitation experiments employing 125I-protein A and protein extracts from human kidney at different ages revealed a small, albeit not significant, difference of the receptor content between fetal and postnatal tissues: as in other species, larger amounts of receptor seemed to be present in fetal than in postnatal organs. In addition, no significant difference of the receptor content between human fetal liver and early postnatal liver was measured employing 125I-protein A- immunoquantitation in three fetal and five postnatal liver tissue samples. The distribution of IGF-binding protein (IGEBP) species, another abundant and major class of IGF binding principles, was also measured in human fetal and early postnatal lung, liver, kidney, muscle, and brain using Western ligand blotting with 125I-IGF-II: as with IGF-II/M6P receptor immunoreactivity there was differential expression of the different classes of IGFBPs in the various organs
At Home with the Strange: Seven Interpretations of Ădön von HorvĂĄth\u27s Dramatic Oeuvre
Post-1918 Austrian literature is marked by radical changes caused by the end of the First World War and the dissolution of the Habsburg Monarchy. For many Austrian authors the life thus broke into two halves, the period before the First World War and the time after. The authors such as Joseph Roth or Ădön von HorvĂĄth remain landless in a double sense, temporally but â as the authors who work in a culturally foreign territory of the Weimar Republic â also spatially. It is in this context that the dramatic oeuvre of the âold Austrianâ author Ădön von HorvĂĄth acquires a special role. His heterogeneous origin and polyphony derived from it turn him into an exceedingly exceptional observer of the world of crisis in Germany and Austria after 1918. Wolfgang MĂŒller-Funk\u27s work does not pretend to offer a final interpretation of the author\u27s plays in the 1920s and the 1930s but is understood as a proposal for reading. The themes and motifs such as empathy, alienation in the world, ambivalence, inflation and the loss of footing, a new constellation of the sexes, cold objectivity and preference for the median, half-public spaces present high points that mark the atmosphere and the structure of HorvĂĄth\u27s works. In a manner of speaking, this oeuvre, based on psychoanalysis among others, can be understood as a critical model opposed to Brecht\u27s programmatic anti-psychological epic theater. HorvĂĄth\u27s âfolk piecesâ aim at revealing the dark and subconscious aspects of the human
Foreign, Alien, and Extraterritorial. And Yet Similar? Questions for a Contemporary Discourse with Reference to Kafka, Camus, and Chamisso
Der Zusammenhang von Grenze, AlteritĂ€t und Sprache in Waldenfelsâ neuester Studie ĂŒber PhĂ€nomenologie und Psychoanalyse ist Ausgangspunkt des Beitrags. Skizziert wird die narrative Logik dreier Texte, in denen sich verschiedene Momente des Fremden und AlteritĂ€ren ĂŒberlappen und in denen ein Grundimpuls von Fremdheit plastisch hervortritt. Alle drei Protagonisten â Albert von Chamissos Peter Schlemihl, Franz Kafkas Karl RoĂmann und Albert Camusâ Meursault â sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ihre sozialen Relationen gestört, gekappt oder neutralisiert sind. Die Formen der Fremdheit sind jeweils mit einem verschatteten, manchmal jedoch ausdrĂŒcklich benannten politischen Kontext verbunden.The connection between border, alterity, and language in Waldenfelsâ latest study on phenomenology and psychoanalysis is the starting point of this paper. The paper outlines the narrative logic of three literary texts in which various moments of the Alien and Alteritarian overlap, and a basic impulse of the Alien emerges vividly. In all three texts, the protagonists â Albert von Chamissoâs Peter Schlemihl, Franz Kafkaâs Karl RoĂmann, and Albert Camusâ Meursault â are characterized by the disruption, discontinuation, or neutralization of their social roles. Each of the forms of the Alien is linked to a shadowed, but at times also explicitly named, political context
Reparatur von DNA-DoppelstrangbrĂŒchen in den kortikalen Neuronen juveniler MĂ€use nach fraktionierter Niedrigdosisbestrahlung
Hintergrund und Zielsetzung: In der Therapie von ZNS-Tumoren bei Kindern kommen
zunehmend hochkonformale Bestrahlungstechniken wie die IntensitÀtsmodulierte
Strahlentherapie (IMRT) zum Einsatz. Dadurch werden zwangslĂ€ufig gröĂere Volumina
gesunden Gewebes, wenn auch mit einer geringeren Dosis als zuvor, bestrahlt. Ziel der
vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, die Anzahl potentieller DNA-SchÀden in den kortikalen Neuronen
nach fraktionierter Niedrigdosisbestrahlung mit Hilfe des in vivo Modell juveniler MĂ€use zu
erfassen.
Methodik: Juvenile MĂ€use wurden ĂŒber ein, zwei, drei oder vier Wochen jeweils tĂ€glich von
Montag bis Freitag niedrig dosiert (jeweils 100 mGy pro Tag) bestrahlt. Die DNADoppelstrangbrĂŒche
wurden anhand der 53BP1-Foci dargestellt. Diese wurden in den
Neuronen des zerebralen Kortex 72 Stunden nach der letzten Bestrahlung sowie in den
Neuronen der ĂŒber vier Wochen bestrahlten MĂ€use zusĂ€tzlich ein, drei und sechs Monate
nach der letzten Bestrahlung gezÀhlt.
Ergebnisse: Mit zunehmender Dauer und damit zunehmender Dosis der fraktionierten
Bestrahlung stieg die Focuszahl/Neuron linear an. Ein signifikanter RĂŒckgang der
Focuszahl/Neuron war erstmals 6 Monate nach Bestrahlung zu beobachten. Das Niveau der
unbestrahlten Kontrollen wurde nicht erreicht.
Schlussfolgerung: Die fraktionierte Niedrigdosisbestrahlung fĂŒhrt mit steigender Dosis zu
einer Akkumulation von DNA-DoppelstrangbrĂŒchen in den kortikalen Neuronen juveniler
Gehirne. Die lange Persistenz dieser DNA-SchĂ€den, verglichen mit den Daten fĂŒr adulte
MÀuse in der Literatur, deutet zudem auf eine gesteigerte VulnerabilitÀt des juvenilen Gehirns
im Langzeitverlauf nach fraktionierter Bestrahlung hin. Die vorliegende Arbeit liefert damit
erste Hinweise, dass bei Kindern selbst niedrige Strahlendosen, wie sie im Randbereich von
Zielvolumina auftreten, nicht zu vernachlÀssigen sind.
Ausblick: Gegenstand weiterfĂŒhrender Untersuchungen sollte der Zusammenhang zwischen
den persistierenden 53BP1-Foci und ihren möglichen neurofunktionellen Auswirkungen sein.Background and purpose: In the treatment of CNS tumours of children new highly conformal
radiation techniques, e.g. intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) are increasingly used.
Thus inevitably larger volumes of healthy tissue are irradiated, albeit with lower doses than
before. Aim of the present work is to assess the number of potential DNA lesions in cortical
neurons after fractionated low dose irradiation with the help of the in vivo model of juvenile
mice.
Methods: Juvenile mice were irradiated daily with low dose (100 mGy per day) one, two,
three or four weeks, respectively, from Monday to Friday. DNA double-strand breaks were
visualized by 53BP1 foci. They were counted in neurons of the cerebral cortex 72 hours after
the last irradiation as well as in the neurons of mice irradiated over four weeks one, three and
six months, respectively, after the last fraction.
Results: With increasing time and thus total dose of fractionated irradiation the number of foci
per neuron linearly increased. A significant decrease of the number of foci per neuron was
monitored 6 months after irradiation for the first time. The level of unirradiated control mice
was not reached.
Conclusion: Fractionated low dose irradiation with increasing cumulative doses leads to an
accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks in cortical neurons of juvenile brains. The long
persistence of these DNA lesions compared to data in adult mice in literature suggests an
enhanced long-term vulnerability of the juvenile brain. The present work implies, that in
children even low radiation doses which occur in the periphery of the target volumes are not
to be neglected.
Prospects: Further studies should aim to clarify the relation between the persistence of
53BP1-foci and its potential neurofunctional effects
Rede anlÀsslich der Vorstellung der Zeitschrift GEM
Prigodni govor povodom predstavljanja Äasopisa GEM dana 14. listopada 2019. godine u Austrijskoj knjiĆŸnici âDr. Alois Mockâ na SveuÄiliĆĄtu u Zadru.Rede anlĂ€sslich der Vorstellung der Zeitschrift GEM am 14. Oktober 2019. in der Ăsterreich-Bibliothek âDr. Alois Mock" an der UniversitĂ€t Zadar
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