84 research outputs found

    Impacts of Surface Depletion on the Plasmonic Properties of Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals

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    Degenerately doped semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) exhibit a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Unlike metals, semiconductor NCs offer tunable LSPR characteristics enabled by doping, or via electrochemical or photochemical charging. Tuning plasmonic properties through carrier density modulation suggests potential applications in smart optoelectronics, catalysis, and sensing. Here, we elucidate fundamental aspects of LSPR modulation through dynamic carrier density tuning in Sn-doped Indium Oxide NCs. Monodisperse Sn-doped Indium Oxide NCs with various doping level and sizes were synthesized and assembled in uniform films. NC films were then charged in an in situ electrochemical cell and the LSPR modulation spectra were monitored. Based on spectral shifts and intensity modulation of the LSPR, combined with optical modeling, it was found that often-neglected semiconductor properties, specifically band structure modification due to doping and surface states, strongly affect LSPR modulation. Fermi level pinning by surface defect states creates a surface depletion layer that alters the LSPR properties; it determines the extent of LSPR frequency modulation, diminishes the expected near field enhancement, and strongly reduces sensitivity of the LSPR to the surroundings

    Various abnormal pollen grains of this triple hybrid.

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    <p>Various abnormal pollen grains of this triple hybrid.</p

    Accessions in this study and its characteristics.

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    <p>Accessions in this study and its characteristics.</p

    Whole semi-bush plant with crawl growth characteristic and long epidermis hair in the stem, heart and thick leaf style of this triple hybrid.

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    <p>Whole semi-bush plant with crawl growth characteristic and long epidermis hair in the stem, heart and thick leaf style of this triple hybrid.</p

    Flowers with two kind color of this triple hybrid at the same time (pink and white) and the stigma and stamen with yellow pollen grains of this hybrid.

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    <p>Flowers with two kind color of this triple hybrid at the same time (pink and white) and the stigma and stamen with yellow pollen grains of this hybrid.</p

    Abnormal meiosis behavior of the hybrid with several micronuclei of various sizes (different polyads) in telophase II.

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    <p>Abnormal meiosis behavior of the hybrid with several micronuclei of various sizes (different polyads) in telophase II.</p

    The resources of the SSR polymorphism in trispecific hybrid.

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    <p>The resources of the SSR polymorphism in trispecific hybrid.</p

    Data_Sheet_1_GhSNAP33, a t-SNARE Protein From Gossypium hirsutum, Mediates Resistance to Verticillium dahliae Infection and Tolerance to Drought Stress.DOCX

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    <p>Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins mediate membrane fusion and deliver cargo to specific cellular locations through vesicle trafficking. Synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP25) is a target membrane SNARE that drives exocytosis by fusing plasma and vesicular membranes. In this study, we isolated GhSNAP33, a gene from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), encoding a SNAP25-type protein containing glutamine (Q)b- and Qc-SNARE motifs connected by a linker. GhSNAP33 expression was induced by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, and polyethylene glycol 6000 treatment and Verticillium dahliae inoculation. Ectopic expression of GhSNAP33 enhanced the tolerance of yeast cells to oxidative and osmotic stresses. Virus-induced gene silencing of GhSNAP33 induced spontaneous cell death and reactive oxygen species accumulation in true leaves at a later stage of cotton development. GhSNAP33-deficient cotton was susceptible to V. dahliae infection, which resulted in severe wilt on leaves, an elevated disease index, enhanced vascular browning and thylose accumulation. Conversely, Arabidopsis plants overexpressing GhSNAP33 showed significant resistance to V. dahliae, with reduced disease index and fungal biomass and elevated expression of PR1 and PR5. Leaves from GhSNAP33-transgenic plants showed increased callose deposition and reduced mycelia growth. Moreover, GhSNAP33 overexpression enhanced drought tolerance in Arabidopsis, accompanied with reduced water loss rate and enhanced expression of DERB2A and RD29A during dehydration. Thus, GhSNAP33 positively mediates plant defense against stress conditions and V. dahliae infection, rendering it a candidate for the generation of stress-resistant engineered cotton.</p

    Callose deposition in <i>Verticillium dahliae</i>-infected leaves of WT and CkSNAP33 over-expressing plants.

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    <p>(A) Control WT leaf. (B) <i>V</i>. <i>dahliae</i> WT infected leaf. (C) Control transgenic leaf. (D) <i>V</i>. <i>dahliae</i> infected transgenic leaf. Scale bar represents 50 μm.</p

    Identification of <i>CkSNAP33</i>, a gene encoding synaptosomal-associated protein from <i>Cynanchum komarovii</i>, that enhances Arabidopsis resistance to <i>Verticillium dahliae</i>

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    <div><p>SNARE proteins are essential to vesicle trafficking and membrane fusion in eukaryotic cells. In addition, the SNARE-mediated secretory pathway can deliver diverse defense products to infection sites during exocytosis-associated immune responses in plants. In this study, a novel gene (<i>CkSNAP33</i>) encoding a synaptosomal-associated protein was isolated from <i>Cynanchum komarovii</i> and characterized. CkSNAP33 contains Qb- and Qc-SNARE domains in the N- and C-terminal regions, respectively, and shares high sequence identity with AtSNAP33 from <i>Arabidopsis</i>. <i>CkSNAP33</i> expression was induced by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, salicylic acid (SA), <i>Verticillium dahliae</i>, and wounding. Arabidopsis lines overexpressing CkSNAP33 had longer primary roots and larger seedlings than the wild type (WT). Transgenic Arabidopsis lines showed significantly enhanced resistance to <i>V</i>. <i>dahliae</i>, and displayed reductions in disease index and fungal biomass, and also showed elevated expression of <i>PR1</i> and <i>PR5</i>. The leaves of transgenic plants infected with <i>V</i>. <i>dahliae</i> showed strong callose deposition and cell death that hindered the penetration and spread of the fungus at the infection site. Taken together, these results suggest that <i>CkSNAP33</i> is involved in the defense response against <i>V</i>. <i>dahliae</i> and enhanced disease resistance in Arabidopsis.</p></div
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