The CosmicWatch Desktop Muon Detector: a self-contained, pocket sized particle detector

The CosmicWatch Desktop Muon Detector is a self-contained, hand-held cosmic ray muon detector that is valuable for astro/particle physics research applications and outreach. The material cost of each detector is under $100 and it takes a novice student approximately four hours to build their first detector. The detectors are powered via a USB connection and the data can either be recorded directly to a computer or to a microSD card. Arduino- and Python-based software is provided to operate the detector and an online application to plot the data in real-time. In this paper, we describe the various design features, evaluate the performance, and illustrate the detectors capabilities by providing several example measurements.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure

Análisis multi-aspectual de útiles neolíticos de hueso procedentes del yacimiento 6 de Kopydłowo (Polonia)

The paper presents the results of osteological, typological, and microwear analyses of Neolithic bone tools recovered from Kopydłowo, site 6 (Greater Poland Province, Poland). The site is known for a pit with a number of bovine horn cores, a presumable refuse from Neolithic horn working. A multi-aspect analysis revealed the kinds of raw materials used for the production of bone tools and provided insights into how the specimens were worked and used. Twenty-nine out of 36 tools were identified to taxon. All artefacts were made from mammal bones, mostly cattle, sheep/goat, red deer, and pig. Awls and perforators, used to work with a soft organic material, were the most common tool types at the site. Some scrapers and polishers for hide working, as well as spatulae, a T-shaped axe, a chisel, a pendant, and pieces of raw material were also found. The presence of two tools made from wild mammals’ bones may possibly contribute to the discussion on contacts between farmers and hunter-gatherers in the Neolithic.El artículo presenta los resultados de los análisis osteológicos, tipológicos y de micro- desgaste de los útiles neolíticos de hueso recuperados del yacimiento 6 de Kopydłowo (provincia de Gran Polonia, Polonia). Este yacimiento se conoce por un pozo en el que se encontraron varios cuerpos óseos de cuernos de bóvido, un presumible resultado del trabajo neolítico del cuerno. Un análisis multi-aspectual reveló los tipos de materias primas utilizadas para la producción de instrumentos de hueso y proporcionó información sobre cómo se trabajaron y usaron las piezas. De 29 de 36 útiles se identificó el taxón faunístico. Todos los artefactos se hicieron con huesos de mamíferos, principalmente de ganado vacuno, de caprinos, ciervos y cerdos. Punzones y perforadores, utilizados para trabajar material orgánico blando, eran los tipos de instrumentos más comunes en el yacimiento. También se encontraron algunos raspadores y pulidores para el trabajo de la piel, así como espátulas, un hacha en forma de T, un cincel, un colgante y fragmentos de materia prima. La presencia de dos instrumentos hechos de huesos de mamíferos salvajes posiblemente contribuya a la discusión sobre los contactos entre los agricultores y los cazadores-recolectores durante el Neolítico

Habitat-specific benthic metabolism in a Mediterranean-type intermittent stream

A modified flow-through chamber method was used to measure gross primary production (GPP), net primary production (NPP), community respiration (CR) and associated environmental variables in an intermittent Mediterranean-type stream in Southern Portugal. Three common types of in stream habitats were targeted: cobble (C), cobble covered with filamentous algae (C+A) and leaf litter (LL). NPP, GPP and CR differed significantly among all three habitats. GPP increased with chlorophyll a and, less strongly, with photosynthetic active radiation and, therefore, was highest in C+A habitat. The highest CR was in LL and its variation was best determined by ash-free dry mass (AFDM) of plant litter. Higher respiration in LL was related to heterotrophic activity and, to a lesser extent, to autotrophic respiration associated with periphyton. We observed a decrease of production efficiency of primary producers with AFDM in C+A and C habitats. Our results demonstrate that each habitat type should be considered as a discrete metabolic entity and that particular sets of environmental factors are responsible for habitat specific metabolic responses. Scaling up measurements from discrete habitat patches to the entire reach or stream should not be done by extrapolating the results of a single habitat type and will require quantification of habitat coverage, at the appropriate scale

The non-competition agreement during the employment as an element of protection of the employer interests

Celem niniejszej pracy jest omówienie problematyki umowy o zakazie konkurencji w trakcie trwania stosunku pracy w kontekście interesów pracodawcy. W dobie rosnącej konkurencji między przedsiębiorcami i rywalizacji o klienta jest to coraz popularniejszy sposób dbania o lojalność pracowników o ochrony własnych interesów. Rozdział 1 dotyczy ogólnego zarysu tematyki zakazu konkurencji. Próbuję w nim wyjaśnić czym jest owy zakaz oraz w jaki sposób można wprowadzić go do umowy o zawieranej z pracownikiem. Wskazuję na jego podstawy prawne a także związek z zasadą wolności pracy.Rozdział 2 nawiązuje już stricte do problemu umowy o zakazie konkurencji w trakcie trwania stosunku pracy. Zajmuję się w nim charakterystyką tego typu umowy a także staram się wyjaśnić czym jest klauzula autonomiczna.W rozdziale 3 poruszam kwestię ochrony interesu pracodawcy poprzez umowę o zakazie konkurencji w trakcie trwania stosunku pracy. Czym jest interes pracodawcy i w jaki sposób można go chronić. Pojawia się tu kwestia tajemnic pracodawcy i dobra zakładu pracy.Rozdział 4 poświęcam drugiej stronie stosunku pracy- pracownikowi. Aby mieć pełen przegląd problematyki zakazu konkurencji nie można rozpatrywać go właśnie bez pracownika. Jego interesów oraz obowiązków. Poruszam kwestię konsekwencji naruszenia zakazu a także dodatkowej działalności zarobkowej pracownika.The purpose of the present thesis is to discuss the problem of non-competition agreements during the employment in the context of employer’s interests. In the times of increasing competitions between businessman and rivalry over a client, it is more and more popular way of ensuring the employees’ loyalty and protecting own interests Chapter 1 deals with the general outline of the subject area concerning the non-competition agreements . Its aim is to explain what the non-competition agreement is as well as the ways in which it may be introduced into the agreement drawn with the employee. What’s more, I indicate the legal basis for it and its connection with the “right-to-work” law. Chapter 2 examines strictly the issue of non-competition agreements during the employment. I describe the characteristics of this sort of agreements and attempt to explain what the autonomy clause is. In chapter 3 I examine the matter of protecting employer’s interests through the non-competition agreement during the employment as well as what is the employer’s interest and how it can be defended. Moreover, the issues of employer secrets and working place well-fare appear in this chapter. Chapter 4 is dedicated to the other side of the employment agreement – the employee. In order to have the full overview of the non-competition agreement issue it is necessary to take into consideration the employee, his interests and responsibilities. Therefore, I discuss the matter of consequences for violating the agreement as well as the additional gainful activities of the employe

Search for neutrinos from dark matter annihilation in the Earth core with the Super-Kamiokande detector

One of the strategy for dark matter detection is to search for the products of its self-annihilation, such as antimatter, photons or neutrinos. The later provide very good information about their source location and generated energy spectra. In the presented analysis, atmospheric neutrino data collected with the Super-Kamiokande in years 1996-2016 was used in order to search for the neutrinos produced in the dark matter annihilation in the Earth core. No excess of neutrinos from the Earth core with respect to atmospheric neutrino background has been observed. The upper limits for SI WIMP-nucleon cross-section have been set for dark matter particle masses ranging from 3-1000 GeV. High sensitivity of Super-Kamiokande detector to the resonant capture region allowed to set the strongest limits from neutrino experiments for WIMP masses < 100 GeV.</p