Table_1_Claims on Ready-to-Eat Cereals: Are Those With Claims Healthier?.docx

Background: The use of advertising content strategies that suggest consuming a product will confer nutrient- and health-related benefits influences household food purchasing decisions, which increases consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor products. We examined the presence of marketing claims regarding nutrient content, health and nature in ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal packages in relation to the products' nutritional quality.Methods: A cross-sectional content analysis was conducted on 178 RTE cereal packages available in the six largest supermarket chains in four Colombian cities from August to November 2018. The nutritional quality of products was assessed through the nutrient profile model established by the Chilean Law of Food Labeling and Advertising law.Results: All products sampled exceeded the regulation threshold for at least one nutrient of concern (e.g., high-in calories and/or sugar). The majority (66.3%) of packages had claims related to nature, 57.3% had nutrient-content claims, and 15.7% had health benefit or risk avoidance claims. Most products with nature, nutrient-content, and health claims were high in energy (99.2, 98.0, and 92.9%, respectively) and sugar (88.1, 87.3, and 92.9%, respectively).Conclusion: RTE cereal products offered in major Colombian supermarket chains are heavily marketed using nutrition- and nature-related claims. Nearly all products with claims are high in energy and sugar, despite the messages conveyed by the claims to consumers. Results support the implementation of mandatory regulations restricting claims on food and beverage products high in nutrients of concern.</p

Table_3_Claims on Ready-to-Eat Cereals: Are Those With Claims Healthier?.docx

Background: The use of advertising content strategies that suggest consuming a product will confer nutrient- and health-related benefits influences household food purchasing decisions, which increases consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor products. We examined the presence of marketing claims regarding nutrient content, health and nature in ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal packages in relation to the products' nutritional quality.Methods: A cross-sectional content analysis was conducted on 178 RTE cereal packages available in the six largest supermarket chains in four Colombian cities from August to November 2018. The nutritional quality of products was assessed through the nutrient profile model established by the Chilean Law of Food Labeling and Advertising law.Results: All products sampled exceeded the regulation threshold for at least one nutrient of concern (e.g., high-in calories and/or sugar). The majority (66.3%) of packages had claims related to nature, 57.3% had nutrient-content claims, and 15.7% had health benefit or risk avoidance claims. Most products with nature, nutrient-content, and health claims were high in energy (99.2, 98.0, and 92.9%, respectively) and sugar (88.1, 87.3, and 92.9%, respectively).Conclusion: RTE cereal products offered in major Colombian supermarket chains are heavily marketed using nutrition- and nature-related claims. Nearly all products with claims are high in energy and sugar, despite the messages conveyed by the claims to consumers. Results support the implementation of mandatory regulations restricting claims on food and beverage products high in nutrients of concern.</p

Table_2_Claims on Ready-to-Eat Cereals: Are Those With Claims Healthier?.docx

Background: The use of advertising content strategies that suggest consuming a product will confer nutrient- and health-related benefits influences household food purchasing decisions, which increases consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor products. We examined the presence of marketing claims regarding nutrient content, health and nature in ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal packages in relation to the products' nutritional quality.Methods: A cross-sectional content analysis was conducted on 178 RTE cereal packages available in the six largest supermarket chains in four Colombian cities from August to November 2018. The nutritional quality of products was assessed through the nutrient profile model established by the Chilean Law of Food Labeling and Advertising law.Results: All products sampled exceeded the regulation threshold for at least one nutrient of concern (e.g., high-in calories and/or sugar). The majority (66.3%) of packages had claims related to nature, 57.3% had nutrient-content claims, and 15.7% had health benefit or risk avoidance claims. Most products with nature, nutrient-content, and health claims were high in energy (99.2, 98.0, and 92.9%, respectively) and sugar (88.1, 87.3, and 92.9%, respectively).Conclusion: RTE cereal products offered in major Colombian supermarket chains are heavily marketed using nutrition- and nature-related claims. Nearly all products with claims are high in energy and sugar, despite the messages conveyed by the claims to consumers. Results support the implementation of mandatory regulations restricting claims on food and beverage products high in nutrients of concern.</p

Table_4_Claims on Ready-to-Eat Cereals: Are Those With Claims Healthier?.docx

Background: The use of advertising content strategies that suggest consuming a product will confer nutrient- and health-related benefits influences household food purchasing decisions, which increases consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor products. We examined the presence of marketing claims regarding nutrient content, health and nature in ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal packages in relation to the products' nutritional quality.Methods: A cross-sectional content analysis was conducted on 178 RTE cereal packages available in the six largest supermarket chains in four Colombian cities from August to November 2018. The nutritional quality of products was assessed through the nutrient profile model established by the Chilean Law of Food Labeling and Advertising law.Results: All products sampled exceeded the regulation threshold for at least one nutrient of concern (e.g., high-in calories and/or sugar). The majority (66.3%) of packages had claims related to nature, 57.3% had nutrient-content claims, and 15.7% had health benefit or risk avoidance claims. Most products with nature, nutrient-content, and health claims were high in energy (99.2, 98.0, and 92.9%, respectively) and sugar (88.1, 87.3, and 92.9%, respectively).Conclusion: RTE cereal products offered in major Colombian supermarket chains are heavily marketed using nutrition- and nature-related claims. Nearly all products with claims are high in energy and sugar, despite the messages conveyed by the claims to consumers. Results support the implementation of mandatory regulations restricting claims on food and beverage products high in nutrients of concern.</p

Components of the Kaleidoscope Model, including policy stages and its determinants of policy change.

Components of the Kaleidoscope Model, including policy stages and its determinants of policy change.</p

Stances of key stakeholders during the Law 30021’s design and approval (2012–2013).

Stakeholders in the inner circle are those with higher power in the decision-making process. Abbreviations: Ministry of Health (MoH), Ministry of Economy and Finances (MEF), Ministry of Education (MoE), Ministry of Justice (MoJ), Ministry of Social Inclusion (MoS), Ministry of Foreign Trade and Tourism (MoF), Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), Ministry of Production (MoP), National Radio and Television Society (SNRTV), National Advertisers Association (ANDA), National Confederation of Private Entrepreneurial Institutions (CONFIEP), National Society of Industries (SNI), Non-alcoholic Beverage and Soft Drink Industry Association (ABRESA), Peruvian Association of Consumers and Users (ASPEC).</p

Timeline of parameters for maximum levels of sugar, saturated fat, sodium, and trans-fat in processed foods and beverages over the years, including those proposed by WHO/PAHO and those used in the nutritional warnings’ policy documents.

Timeline of parameters for maximum levels of sugar, saturated fat, sodium, and trans-fat in processed foods and beverages over the years, including those proposed by WHO/PAHO and those used in the nutritional warnings’ policy documents.</p

Stances of key stakeholders during the Nutritional Warnings Manual design and approval (2017–2018).

Stakeholders in the inner circle are those with higher power in the decision-making process. Abbreviations: Ministry of Health (MoH), Ministry of Economy and Finances (MEF), Ministry of Education (MoE), Ministry of Justice (MoJ), Ministry of Social Inclusion (MoS), Ministry of Foreign Trade and Tourism (MoF), Ministry of Agriculture (MoA), Ministry of Production (MoP), National Radio and Television Society (SNRTV), National Advertisers Association (ANDA), National Confederation of Private Entrepreneurial Institutions (CONFIEP), National Society of Industries (SNI), Non-alcoholic Beverage and Soft Drink Industry Association (ABRESA), Peruvian Association of Consumers and Users (ASPEC).</p

Main arguments used by supporters and opponents of the nutritional warnings policy and how the arguments were resolved.

Main arguments used by supporters and opponents of the nutritional warnings policy and how the arguments were resolved.</p

Description of informants and number or interviews per profile.

Description of informants and number or interviews per profile.</p