Argentinean National Plant Protection Network Website

The Argentinean National Plant Protection Network (RedNPV) was created in 2006 as a proposal of the National Plant Protection Program (PNPV), National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA). The National Plant Protection Network (RedNPV) main objective is to articulate national scientific-technological capabilities in Plant Protection.Inst. de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola IMyZAFil: Gasoni, Amelia Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Haelterman, Raquel Mercedes. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Truol, Graciela Ana Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Frana, Jorge. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; ArgentinaFil: Vigna, Mario Raul. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bordenave; ArgentinaFil: Ducasse, Daniel Adrian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentin

Semiochemical bait control and behavior of the western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

During 1990, Nemesis CRW, an insecticide semiochemical bait was tested in five fields in Indiana for efficacy in controlling corn rootworm adults. Fields were divided into untreated (approximately 15 ha) and treated (bait broadcast by plane over 15 ha) areas. The bait caused a quick knock-down of the population as confirmed by counts of dead beetles on the ground. Beetles caught on sticky traps showed that population density of western corn rootworm recovered to previous levels eight days after application. Use of the bait did not affect the beetle densities during next year. During 1991 and 1992, sticky traps were studied as monitoring devices for western corn rootworm adults. Traps were located in three sections of the plant: top, center, and bottom. The first year more beetles were caught on the center trap than top and bottom, and the following year more catches were at the bottom part of the crop canopy. More males were caught than females. Swarming behavior of corn rootworm male beetles was described. This is an excited movement of 20-50 males in a small area and was detected while observing behaviors of the beetles in the field. Other types of beetle behaviors observed in the field included feeding, grooming, resting, walking, flying, pairing, copula, searching for oviposition site, fleeing, and aggression. As a result of the close observation of the beetles mating behavior, a sexually dimorphic character was identified in males of western corn rootworms, D. v. virgifera, northern corn rootworms, D. barberi, and the spotted cucumber beetles, D. undecimpunctata howardi. The character, disco-setae, is found in the basitarsi of the foreleg, and the basitarsi of the midleg. Disco-setae help the males grasp the elytra of the female during pairing and mating

Microgastrine (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Parasitoids of Colias lesbia (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

Volume: 9Start Page: 108End Page: 11

Patrón dinámico de crecimiento de gazapos de chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) durante la lactancia

The ability of linear and exponential functions to describe the dynamic behavior of body weight of chinchilla kits during lactation was evaluated. Residual variance and coefficient of determination average values derived from each model assigned to linear function a slight advantage. While the linear function underestimated birth weight the exponential model overestimated it showing both models differences of similar magnitude between estimated and observed values. The use of the linear model to characterize the dynamic growth of male kits belonging to litters with one, two or three pups, between birth and weaning at 43 days of age, allowed to confirm that increasing litter size from one to two pups slightly decreases their initial body weight and their growth rate during lactation, without a detrimental effect on overall pre-weaning growth. By contrast, the presence of a third kit in the litter markedly reduces both initial body weight and daily body weight gain from birth to weaning. According to data surveyed in this study increasing the number of parturitions per female per year, for example through an appropriate management of photoperiod, would be more useful than increasing litter size at birth above two kits to increase the overall efficiency of the system.Se evaluó la aptitud de la función lineal y de la función exponencial creciente para describir el comportamiento dinámico del peso corporal de gazapos de chinchilla durante la lactancia. Los valores observados de las variancias residuales y de los coeficientes de determinación asignaron una leve ventaja al modelo lineal. La función lineal subestimó el peso al nacimiento mientras que la función exponencial lo sobreestimó sin diferenciarse en la magnitud de las diferencias de uno u otro signo entre los valores estimados y observados. La utilización del modelo lineal para caracterizar el crecimiento de gazapos machos proveniente de camadas con uno, dos o tres crías, entre el nacimiento y el destete a los 43 días de edad, permitió constatar que el aumento del tamaño de la camada de uno a dos gazapos, si bien disminuye ligeramente el peso inicial y la tasa de crecimiento predestete, no presenta un efecto detrimental de trascendencia sobre el crecimiento en dicha etapa. Por el contrario, la presencia de un tercer gazapo reduce de manera notoria tanto el peso inicial de los miembros de la camada como su aumento medio diario de peso hasta el destete. De acuerdo con lo relevado en este estudio resultaría más conveniente plantear como objetivo aumentar el número de pariciones por año, por ejemplo mediante un manejo adecuado del fotoperíodo, que aumentar el tamaño de la camada al parto por encima de dos gazapos

Cricket oviposition trace fossils in palaeosols and their stratigraphic significance : the South American Palaeosol Ichnofossil Ages (SAPIAs)

The first insect trace fossil in palaeosols attributed to the oviposition of crickets is represented by openings composed of two to four, but usually three, perforations with a tripartite pattern. This pattern is compatible with the cross section of the distal ovipositor of some crickets. The new ichnotaxon Bellosichnus tripartitus igen. isp. nov. represents a novel architectural design among insect trace fossils in palaeosols. It may reflect true ovipositions or the behavior of testing soil with the ovipositors performed by crickets. In accordance, this trace fossil would be indicative of the surface soil horizon. Bellosichnus tripartitus is abundant in the lower section of the Sarmiento Formation (middle Eocene Casamayoran Age) and it is almost absent before and after this interval in other terrestrial successions of Patagonia. It is a trace fossil with high stratigraphic significance. Bellosichnus tripartitus and other insect trace fossils in palaeosols with similar stratigraphic significance comprise several assemblages, which are representative of different ages along the Cenozoic of southern South America. Such assemblages are typical of particular ages that are named herein South American Palaeosol Ichnofossil Ages (SAPIAs). The SAPIAs run in parallel with the South American Land Mammal Ages (SALMAs). The SAPIAs would be useful to make predictions not only on ages, but also on possible mammal faunas and palaeoenvironments in understudied palaeontological localities.EEA RafaelaFil: Genise, Jorge Fernando. Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sánchez, María Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Bellosi, Eduardo Sergio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Cantil, Liliana Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Krause, Javier Marcelo. Museo Paleontologico Egidio Feruglio; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco. Departamento de Geología; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Mirta Gladys. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Sarzetti, Laura Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Verde, Mariano. Universidad de la República. Facultad de Ciencias; UruguayFil: Puerta, Pablo. Museo Paleontologico Egidio Feruglio; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco. Departamento de Geología; ArgentinaFil: Frana, Jorge. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela.; Argentin

Field bands of marching locust juveniles show carbohydrate, not protein, limitation

Locusts are grasshoppers that migrate en masse and devastate food security, yet little is known about the nutritional needs of marching bands in nature. While it has been hypothesized that protein limitation promotes locust marching behavior, migration is fueled by dietary carbohydrates. We studied South American Locust (Schistocerca cancellata) bands at eight sites across Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay. Bands ate most frequently from dishes containing carbohydrate artificial diets and minimally from balanced, protein, or control (vitamins and salts) dishes—indicating carbohydrate hunger. This hunger for carbohydrates is likely explained by the observation that local vegetation was generally protein-biased relative to locusts’ preferred protein to carbohydrate ratio. This study highlights the importance of studying the nutritional ecology of animals in their environment and suggests that carbohydrate limitation may be a common pattern for migrating insect herbivores

Los desafíos de la agricultura argentina : satisfacer las futuras demandas y reducir el impacto ambiental

Este libro se focaliza en generar conciencia acerca de la necesidad de romper la asociación entre producción y degradación ambiental, planificando los agroecosistemas de manera tal de satisfacer las futuras demandas de productos de la agricultura y reducir paralelamente el impacto ambiental de la actividad, asegurando la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos y beneficios socioeconómicos esenciales para la sociedad. La publicación presenta estrategias productivas que pueden conducir a alcanzar estas metas. Se toman conceptos del libro anterior titulado Los desafíos de la agricultura y se completan con información local con el fin de analizar los posibles aportes del mejoramiento genético, la biotecnología, el manejo de cultivos con base ecofisiológica, el manejo integrado de plagas, las buenas prácticas de aplicación de plaguicidas y fertilizantes, el manejo eficiente del agua, las estrategias de intensificación ecológica, entre otros. Los modelos de producción y las tecnologías deben ser evaluados en función de su contribución a los objetivos mencionados.Fil: Andrade, Fernando Hector. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Taboada, Miguel Angel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instuto de Suelos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lema, Rolando Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Economía; ArgentinaFil: Maceira, Nestor Oscar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Echeverria, Hernan Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Posse Beaulieu, Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Clima y Agua; ArgentinaFil: Prieto Garra, Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: Sanchez, Enrique Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Ducasse, Daniel Adrian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Bogliani, Mario Pedro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Ingeniería Rural; Argentina. Ministerio de Salud de la Nación. Comisión Nacional de Agroquímicos; ArgentinaFil: Gamundi, Juan Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Oliveros; ArgentinaFil: Frana, Jorge. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela; ArgentinaFil: Trumper, Eduardo Victor. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi; ArgentinaFil: Fava, Fernando Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi; ArgentinaFil: Perotti, Evangelina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Oliveros; ArgentinaFil: Mastrangelo, Matias Enrique. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Grupo de Estudio de Agroecosistemas y Paisajes Rurales; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentin

Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease

peer reviewedBACKGROUND Evolocumab is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and lowers low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels by approximately 60%. Whether it prevents cardiovascular events is uncertain. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 27,564 patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and LDL cholesterol levels of 70 mg per deciliter (1.8 mmol per liter) or higher who were receiving statin therapy. Patients were randomly assigned to receive evolocumab (either 140 mg every 2 weeks or 420 mg monthly) or matching placebo as subcutaneous injections. The primary efficacy end point was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina, or coronary revascularization. The key secondary efficacy end point was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. The median duration of follow-up was 2.2 years. RESULTS At 48 weeks, the least-squares mean percentage reduction in LDL cholesterol levels with evolocumab, as compared with placebo, was 59%, from a median baseline value of 92 mg per deciliter (2.4 mmol per liter) to 30 mg per deciliter (0.78 mmol per liter) (P<0.001). Relative to placebo, evolocumab treatment significantly reduced the risk of the primary end point (1344 patients [9.8%] vs. 1563 patients [11.3%]; hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79 to 0.92; P<0.001) and the key secondary end point (816 [5.9%] vs. 1013 [7.4%]; hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.88; P<0.001). The results were consistent across key subgroups, including the subgroup of patients in the lowest quartile for baseline LDL cholesterol levels (median, 74 mg per deciliter [1.9 mmol per liter]). There was no significant difference between the study groups with regard to adverse events (including new-onset diabetes and neurocognitive events), with the exception of injection-site reactions, which were more common with evolocumab (2.1% vs. 1.6%). CONCLUSIONS In our trial, inhibition of PCSK9 with evolocumab on a background of statin therapy lowered LDL cholesterol levels to a median of 30 mg per deciliter (0.78 mmol per liter) and reduced the risk of cardiovascular events. These findings show that patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease benefit from lowering of LDL cholesterol levels below current targets. © 2017 Massachusetts Medical Society

Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease

BACKGROUND Evolocumab is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and lowers low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels by approximately 60%. Whether it prevents cardiovascular events is uncertain. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 27,564 patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and LDL cholesterol levels of 70 mg per deciliter (1.8 mmol per liter) or higher who were receiving statin therapy. Patients were randomly assigned to receive evolocumab (either 140 mg every 2 weeks or 420 mg monthly) or matching placebo as subcutaneous injections. The primary efficacy end point was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina, or coronary revascularization. The key secondary efficacy end point was the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. The median duration of follow-up was 2.2 years. RESULTS At 48 weeks, the least-squares mean percentage reduction in LDL cholesterol levels with evolocumab, as compared with placebo, was 59%, from a median baseline value of 92 mg per deciliter (2.4 mmol per liter) to 30 mg per deciliter (0.78 mmol per liter) (P<0.001). Relative to placebo, evolocumab treatment significantly reduced the risk of the primary end point (1344 patients [9.8%] vs. 1563 patients [11.3%]; hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79 to 0.92; P<0.001) and the key secondary end point (816 [5.9%] vs. 1013 [7.4%]; hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.88; P<0.001). The results were consistent across key subgroups, including the subgroup of patients in the lowest quartile for baseline LDL cholesterol levels (median, 74 mg per deciliter [1.9 mmol per liter]). There was no significant difference between the study groups with regard to adverse events (including new-onset diabetes and neurocognitive events), with the exception of injection-site reactions, which were more common with evolocumab (2.1% vs. 1.6%). CONCLUSIONS In our trial, inhibition of PCSK9 with evolocumab on a background of statin therapy lowered LDL cholesterol levels to a median of 30 mg per deciliter (0.78 mmol per liter) and reduced the risk of cardiovascular events. These findings show that patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease benefit from lowering of LDL cholesterol levels below current targets