Know where you are to guide where you're going: A survey of Risk-Need-Responsivity treatment practices in juvenile correctional programs

Despite the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) model being a preferred method of offender treatment in adults and juveniles, research on this model for juveniles specifically is still in its infancy. This is problematic as the RNR model may not directly apply to juveniles as it stands and may be ineffective, as it was originally created for an adult offender population. Before suggesting change to RNR-based practice already existing in juvenile treatment programs, a survey of preexisting treatment representing RNR principles must first be conducted. Not only does this current study report on the degree to which juvenile justice treatment programs reflect RNR-based practice, but it also takes into consideration a variety of organizational variables found to be meaningful in evidence-based adherence. Findings indicated that the responsivity and need principles were most commonly seen represented in treatment programs. This may be because these principles ask that practitioners engage in practices that have long been considered essential to competent treatment (such as providing many effective therapeutic approaches, revising treatment plans, and providing individualized services). The risk principle was represented the least among treatment sites. With regard to organizational variables, privatization of a treatment facility was observed to most impact the responsivity principle, and sites’ involvement with non-justice organizations was found to most impact total RNR adherence overall

Extreme emotional disturbance: Legal frameworks and considerations for forensic evaluation

A significant minority of jurisdictions in the United States offer extreme emotional disturbance (EED) as a partial defense to murder. The form of this defense, as established by statute and case law, varies widely among jurisdictions. Empirical research on EED is scant with little guidance to forensic mental health professionals on how to approach and conceptualize potential EED cases. This paper addresses these issues by being the first known published work to (1) set forth a contemporary map of the varying definitions and scope of EED across the United States, (2) translate legal terminology into constructs accessible to forensic evaluators, and (3) provide legal and clinical analyses of sample EED cases to highlight key differences in the form of the defense and the admissibility of evidence between jurisdictions

Vers un meilleur contrôle de la polymérisation supramoléculaire

L’objectif de cette thèse était de développer de nouvelles techniques pour mieux contrôler des polymères supramoléculaires, trois différentes stratégies ont été présentées. Premièrement, le contrôle spatiotemporel d’un hydrogel a été réalisé par la diffusion d’un acide à partir d’un matériau poreux, ce qui active une molécule sensible au pH. La deuxième stratégie s’appuie sur un cycle réactionnel hors équilibre à fin d’obtenir le contrôle temporel et des propriétés mécaniques d’un hydrogel. La dernière méthode repose sur l’utilisation de stimuli magnétiques de deux façons : en utilisant des champs magnétiques (< 2 T) pour influencer la topologie de réseaux de fibres supramoléculaires contenant des ions paramagnétique ; et contrôler la taille d’agrégats supramoléculaires, sans champ magnétique, juste en incluant des différents lanthanides paramagnétiques dans leur structure moléculaire. Ces nouvelles méthodes sont un avancement vers un meilleur contrôle des polymères supramoléculaires.The aim of this thesis was to develop new techniques to better control supramolecular polymers, three different strategies were presented. First, spatiotemporal control of a hydrogel was achieved by diffusion of protons from a porous material, which activates a pH-responsive hydrogelator. The second strategy relies on an out-of-equilibrium reaction cycle to obtain temporal and mechanical control of a hydrogel. The last method relies on the magnetic control of supramolecular assemblies in two ways: using magnetic fields (< 2 T) to influence the topology of supramolecular rod networks containing a paramagnetic lanthanide; and controlling the size of supramolecular aggregates, without a magnetic field, by including different paramagnetic lanthanides in the molecular structure and inducing their interaction through supramolecular self-assembly. These new methods are an advancement towards better kinetic and thermodynamic control of supramolecular polymers in and out-of-equilibrium

Vers un meilleur contrôle de la polymérisation supramoléculaire

The aim of this thesis was to develop new techniques to better control supramolecular polymers, three different strategies were presented. First, spatiotemporal control of a hydrogel was achieved by diffusion of protons from a porous material, which activates a pH-responsive hydrogelator. The second strategy relies on an out-of-equilibrium reaction cycle to obtain temporal and mechanical control of a hydrogel. The last method relies on the magnetic control of supramolecular assemblies in two ways: using magnetic fields (< 2 T) to influence the topology of supramolecular rod networks containing a paramagnetic lanthanide; and controlling the size of supramolecular aggregates, without a magnetic field, by including different paramagnetic lanthanides in the molecular structure and inducing their interaction through supramolecular self-assembly. These new methods are an advancement towards better kinetic and thermodynamic control of supramolecular polymers in and out-of-equilibrium.L’objectif de cette thèse était de développer de nouvelles techniques pour mieux contrôler des polymères supramoléculaires, trois différentes stratégies ont été présentées. Premièrement, le contrôle spatiotemporel d’un hydrogel a été réalisé par la diffusion d’un acide à partir d’un matériau poreux, ce qui active une molécule sensible au pH. La deuxième stratégie s’appuie sur un cycle réactionnel hors équilibre à fin d’obtenir le contrôle temporel et des propriétés mécaniques d’un hydrogel. La dernière méthode repose sur l’utilisation de stimuli magnétiques de deux façons : en utilisant des champs magnétiques (< 2 T) pour influencer la topologie de réseaux de fibres supramoléculaires contenant des ions paramagnétique ; et contrôler la taille d’agrégats supramoléculaires, sans champ magnétique, juste en incluant des différents lanthanides paramagnétiques dans leur structure moléculaire. Ces nouvelles méthodes sont un avancement vers un meilleur contrôle des polymères supramoléculaires

Chemically Fueled Self-sorted Hydrogels

Narcissistic self-sorting in supramolecular assemblies can help to construct materials with more complex hierarchies. Whereas controlled changes in pH or temperature have been used to this extent for two-component self-sorted gels, here we show that a chemically fueled approach can provide three-component materials with high precision. The latter materials have interesting mechanical properties, such as enhanced or suppressed stiffness, and intricate multi-step gelation kinetics. In addition, we show that we can achieve supramolecular templating, where pre-existing supramolecular fibers first act as a templates for growth of a second gelator, after which they can selectively be removed.</jats:p