The Moderating Effects of Self-Compassion on the Relationship Between Shame and Depression in Military Populations

The U.S. Military has faced a continuous rise in mental health concerns reported by service members and veterans (Currier et al., 2017; Rosenheck & Fontana, 2007). Studies of military personnel have found that up to 15% of service members meet the criteria for experiencing depression (Shen et al., 2012). Often, individuals with military experience face numerous stressors that positively contribute to this experience of depression and feelings of shame (Bradbard et al., 2014; Litz et al., 2009). Military culture (often emphasizing shame related to mental health) has also been found to put military personnel at higher risk of experiencing depression in the first place (Jakupcak et al., 2014; Lineberry & O’Connor, 2012). In recent years, self-compassion literature has emerged, showing evidence for its protective effects on mood, functioning, and experiencing distress (Liu et al., 2020; Neff, 2003b; Rutter et al., 2023). Despite this supporting evidence, no study, to our knowledge, has examined self-compassion as a protective factor for the experience of depression in military service members. In an attempt to address this gap and add valuable insight into the current literature by exploring these relationships, for this study, U.S. active duty service members and veterans completed self-report survey measures to assess their experiences of global shame, depression, and self-compassion. A total of 407 participants’ data was included in the study’s analyses. Quantitative survey data indicated that shame was significantly correlated to depression. Additionally, self-compassion was significantly inversely related to shame and depression. Moderation analyses, however, did not indicate that self-compassion moderates the relationship between shame and depression. The effects of gender identity and rurality status on the moderating effect were also explored and discussed, as well as the clinical implications of such findings and future directions

Leadership development programmes in healthcare research: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-aggregation

Background: Academic institutions benefit from researchers adopting leadership positions and, subsequently, leadership development programmes are of increasing importance. Despite this, no evaluation of the evidence basis for leadership development programmes for healthcare researchers has been conducted. In this study, the authors reviewed leadership development programmes for healthcare researchers and aimed to identify their impact and the factors which influenced this impact. Methods: The authors searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO between January 2000 and January 2023 for evaluations of leadership development programmes with healthcare researchers. The authors synthesised results through exploratory meta-analysis and meta-aggregation and used the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Checklist for Qualitative Studies to identify higher-reliability studies. Results: 48 studies met inclusion criteria, of which approximately half (22) met the criteria for higher reliability. The median critical appraisal score was 10.5/18 for the MERSQI and 3.5/10 for the JBI. Common causes of low study quality appraisal related to study design, data analysis and reporting. Evaluations principally consisted of questionnaires measuring self-assessed outcomes. Interventions were primarily focused on junior academics. Overall, 163/168 categorised programme outcomes were positive. Coaching, experiential learning/project work and mentoring were associated with increased organisational outcomes. Conclusion: Educational methods appeared to be more important for organisational outcomes than specific educational content. To facilitate organisational outcomes, educational methods should include coaching, project work and mentoring. Programmes delivered by external faculty were less likely to be associated with organisational outcomes than those with internal or mixed faculty, but this needs further investigation. Finally, improving evaluation design will allow educators and evaluators to more effectively understand factors which are reliably associated with organisational outcomes of leadership development

Translational Evaluation of Acid/Base and Electrolyte Alterations in Rodent Model of Focal Ischemia

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Acid/base and electrolytes could provide clinically valuable information about cerebral infarct core and penumbra. We evaluated associations between acid/base and electrolyte changes and outcomes in 2 rat models of stroke, permanent, and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. METHODS: Three-month old Sprague-Dawley rats underwent permanent or transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Pre- and post-middle cerebral artery occlusion venous samples for permanent and transient models provided pH, carbon dioxide, oxygen, glucose, and electrolyte values of ionized calcium, potassium, and sodium. Multiple regression determined predictors of infarct volume from these values, and Kaplan-Meier curve analyzed morality between permanent and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion models. RESULTS: Analysis indicated significant differences in the blood gas and electrolytes between pre- to post-middle cerebral artery occlusion. A decrease in pH and sodium with increases in carbon dioxide, potassium, ionized calcium, and glucose changes were found in both middle cerebral artery occlusion models; while hematocrit and hemoglobin were significant in the transient model. pH and ionized calcium were predictors of infarct volume in the permanent model, as changes in pH and ionized calcium decreased, infarct volume increased. CONCLUSIONS: There are acute changes in acid/base balance and electrolytes during stroke in transient and permanent rodent models. Additionally, we found pH and ionized calcium changes predicted stroke volume in the permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model. These preliminary findings are novel, and warrant further exploration in human conditions

Profiles of Parental Burnout Around the Globe: Similarities and Differences Across 36 Countries

Parental burnout (PB) is a pervasive phenomenon. Parenting is embedded in cultural values, and previous research has shown the role of individualism in PB. In this paper, we reanalyze previously collected data to identify profiles based on the four dimensions of PB, and explore whether these profiles vary across countries’ levels of collectivistic-individualistic (COL-IND) values. Our sample comprised 16,885 individuals from 36 countries (73% women; 27% men), and we used a latent profile approach to uncover PB profiles. The findings showed five profiles: Fulfilled, Not in PB, Low risk of PB, High risk of PB and Burned out. The profiles pointed to climbing levels of PB in the total sample and in each of the three country groups (High COL/Low IND, Medium COL-IND, Low COL/High IND). Exploratory analyses revealed that distinct dimensions of PB had the most prominent roles in the climbing pattern, depending on the countries’ levels of COL/IND. In particular, we found contrast to be a hallmark dimension and an indicator of severe burnout for individualistic countries. Contrary to our predictions, emotional distance and saturation did not allow a clear differentiation across collectivistic countries. Our findings support several research avenues regarding PB measurement and intervention

A systematic framework to identify climate service entry points for transforming nutrition

Although climate variability and change impact food and nutrition programmes, policies and outcomes both directly and indirectly through their influences on food systems, the nutrition sector’s use of climate services to inform the targeting and delivery of these actions has been extremely limited to date. However, climate services have a key role to play in helping to address malnutrition and achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 more broadly by informing risk assessment for the better targeting of actions, early warnings and long-term planning and preparedness. In particular, climate services can help manage and mitigate climate risks, including those arising from extreme events such as droughts or floods. These risks affect: i) food production, which can, in turn, influence both the quantity and quality of food produced; ii) food safety and food loss; iii) the availability, affordability and acceptability of foods, particularly those that are nutrient-rich; iv) diseases among animals and humans; and v) other factors, such as migration, livelihoods and women’s empowerment, which have trickledown effects on diets and nutrition. There is, therefore, an exigent need to advance climate service solutions aimed at improving diets and nutrition within the context of increasing climate variability, including extreme events. To help advance the understanding and use of climate services by the nutrition sector, this paper outlines a systematic framework that was developed in the context of the Adapting Agriculture to Climate Today, for Tomorrow (ACToday) Columbia World Project for identifying entry points for climate services aimed at improving diets and nutrition (Columbia Climate School, n.d.). In doing so, it shares experiences from the framework’s application in two country contexts, Vietnam and Senegal, to demonstrate its value in guiding the coproduction of climate services for this sector. Keywords: nutrition, climate services, Senegal, Vietnam, adaptation, climate, food system

The relationship between breast cancer anxiety and mammography: Experiential avoidance as a moderator

Although mammography can aid in the early detection and prevention of breast cancer, many women do not receive annual mammograms. It remains unclear whether anxiety about breast cancer inhibits or promotes mammography rates. The way in which women regulate their anxiety (ie, level of experiential avoidance) may play a role in predicting mammography adherence. A community sample of women (N = 84) completed a questionnaire which assessed mammography rates, experiential avoidance, and breast cancer anxiety. The results suggest that, while controlling for breast cancer anxiety, experiential avoidance (β =.31, p \u3c.01) significantly predicted mammography rates. When examining experiential avoidance as a moderator, a multiple regression analysis approached significance (R 2Δ =.04, p =.07), suggesting that a woman\u27s level of experiential avoidance influences the relationship between anxiety and mammography. These findings will help enable health care practitioners to better identify women at risk of non-adherence to mammography recommendations. © 2011 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Development of Research Leadership in Healthcare: A Systematic Review

Systematic Revie

Development of Research Leadership in Healthcare: A Systematic Review

Systematic Revie