Online Appendix to "Technology shocks around the world"

This appendix presents several robustness experiments, carried on actual and simulated data.

Thermal shot noise in top-gated single carbon nanotube field effect transistors

The high-frequency transconductance and current noise of top-gated single carbon nanotube transistors have been measured and used to investigate hot electron effects in one-dimensional transistors. Results are in good agreement with a theory of 1-dimensional nano-transistor. In particular the prediction of a large transconductance correction to the Johnson-Nyquist thermal noise formula is confirmed experimentally. Experiment shows that nanotube transistors can be used as fast charge detectors for quantum coherent electronics with a resolution of $13\mathrm{\mu e/\sqrt{Hz}}$ in the 0.2-$0.8 \mathrm{GHz}$ band.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figure

Anomalous metallic state in quasi-two-dimensional BaNiS2_{2}

We report on a systematic study of the thermodynamic, electronic and charge transport properties of high-quality single crystals of BaNiS$_2$, the metallic end-member of the quasi-twodimensional BaCo$_{1-x}$Ni$_x$S$_2$ system characterized by a metal-insulator transition at $x_{cr}=0.22$. Our analysis of magnetoresistivity and specific heat data consistently suggests a picture of compensated semimetal with two hole- and one electron-bands, where electron-phonon scattering dominates charge transport and the minority holes exhibit, below $\sim$100 K, a very large mobility, $\mu_h\sim$ 15000 cm$^2$V$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$, which is explained by a Dirac-like band. Evidence of unconventional metallic properties is given by an intriguing crossover of the resistivity from a Bloch-Gr\"uneisen regime to a linear$-T$ regime occurring at 2 K and by a strong linear term in the paramagnetic susceptibility above 100 K. We discuss the possibility that these anomalies reflect a departure from conventional Fermi-liquid properties in presence of short-range AF fluctuations and of a large Hund coupling.Comment: 21 pages 9 figures (colors

Reliability of non-invasive tissue sampling methods for DNA extraction in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

[EN] Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) can be extracted from different tissue sources. The most common is blood, but in some situations it can be easier to take a biopsy. In some cases when it is difficult to capture animals, especially in wild populations, faeces and hairs can be considered as a source of DNA. This paper presents a pilot study conducted to compare the applicability of invasive and non-invasive sampling methods for extracting DNA for use in genetic studies of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The study included 24 rabbits from the INRA 1001 strain. Blood, hair, ear biopsies and faeces were collected and used as DNA sources. Our aim was to verify the quantity of DNA obtained from different tissues using two or three types of extraction. DNA was obtained for all tissue types and all extraction methods. DNA extraction was shown to be optimal with the LGC (Laboratory of Cellular Genetics) blood extraction method. With regard to non-invasive methods, DNA extraction for hair using the LGC protocol and QIAamp¿ DNA mini kit gave very low quantities of DNA that could not be used for PCR reactions. The Chelex extraction protocol gave good results for PCR but could not be quantified. DNA extracted from faeces is a viable source of DNA for determining individual genotypes. The use of such non-invasive samples as a source of genetic material is a recent and very promising technique, especially for the study of endangered species, but these techniques are still too unreliable and costly to altogether replace invasive techniques when the latter are possible.Ben Larbi, M.; Tircazes, A.; Feve, K.; Tudela, F.; Bolet, G. (2012). Reliability of non-invasive tissue sampling methods for DNA extraction in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). World Rabbit Science. 20(2):117-124. doi:10.4995/wrs.2012.1077SWORD11712420

Cultura tributaria y la recaudación del impuesto predial en la Municipalidad Distrital de Santa María Del Valle Huánuco - 2022

El presente trabajo tuvo como problema general: ¿De qué manera se relaciona la Cultura Tributaria con la recaudación del Impuesto Predial en la Municipalidad Distrital de Santa María del Valle Huánuco - 2022?, donde el objetivo de investigación fue: Determinar de qué manera se relaciona la Cultura Tributaria con la recaudación del Impuesto Predial en la Municipalidad. La investigación presenta una metodología de enfoque cuantitativo, tipo aplicada, nivel es el descriptivo-correlacional y de diseño no experimental. La población estuvo conformada por de 22 123 ciudadanos, y la muestra por 357 habitantes del Distrito de Santa María del Valle-Huánuco. Se utilizó la encuesta como técnica y un cuestionario como instrumento de recolección de datos. Los resultados demuestran que existe una relación significativa entre la cultura tributaria y la recaudación del impuesto predial. Dicha relación, presenta una correlación, cuyo valor es de 0,974; reflejando una correlación positiva muy alta, de acuerdo al coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Entonces se demuestra que una adecuada cultura tributaria, es fundamental para una correcta recaudación del impuesto predial. Es prioridad fomentar una conciencia, educación y una ética cultural en los distintos procesos tributarios, con la finalidad que los ciudadanos estén informados acerca de todos los procedimientos tributarios, y de esa manera, poder realizar sus obligaciones sin ningún inconveniente

Quantum capacitance: a microscopic derivation

We start from microscopic approach to many body physics and show the analytical steps and approximations required to arrive at the concept of quantum capacitance. These approximations are valid only in the semi-classical limit and the quantum capacitance in that case is determined by Lindhard function. The effective capacitance is the geometrical capacitance and the quantum capacitance in series, and this too is established starting from a microscopic theory.Comment: 7 fig

Transient thermoelectricity in a vibrating quantum dot in Kondo regime

We investigate the time evolution of the thermopower in a vibrating quantum dot suddenly shifted into the Kondo regime via a gate voltage by adopting the time-dependent non-crossing approximation and linear response Onsager relations. Behaviour of the instantaneous thermopower is studied for a range of temperatures both in zero and strong electron-phonon coupling. We argue that inverse of the saturation value of decay time of thermopower to its steady state value might be an alternative tool in determination of the Kondo temperature and the value of the electron-phonon coupling strength.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Physics Letters

A note on the exact solution of asset pricing models with habit persistence

This paper provides a closed-form solution to a standard asset pricing model with habit formation when the growth rate of endowment follows a first-order Gaussian autoregressive process. We determine conditions that guarantee the existence of a stationary bounded equilibrium. The findings are useful because they allow to evaluate the accuracy of various approximation methods to nonlinear rational expectation models. Furthermore, they can be used to perform simulation experiments to study the finite sample properties of various estimation methods.Fabrice Collard, Patrick Fève and Imen Ghattass

AFLP linkage map of the Japanese quail Coturnix japonica

The quail is a valuable farm and laboratory animal. Yet molecular information about this species remains scarce. We present here the first genetic linkage map of the Japanese quail. This comprehensive map is based solely on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. These markers were developed and genotyped in an F2 progeny from a cross between two lines of quail differing in stress reactivity. A total of 432 polymorphic AFLP markers were detected with 24 TaqI/EcoRI primer combinations. On average, 18 markers were produced per primer combination. Two hundred and fifty eight of the polymorphic markers were assigned to 39 autosomal linkage groups plus the ZW sex chromosome linkage groups. The linkage groups range from 2 to 28 markers and from 0.0 to 195.5 cM. The AFLP map covers a total length of 1516 cM, with an average genetic distance between two consecutive markers of 7.6 cM. This AFLP map can be enriched with other marker types, especially mapped chicken genes that will enable to link the maps of both species and make use of the powerful comparative mapping approach. This AFLP map of the Japanese quail already provides an efficient tool for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping

High resolution physical map of porcine chromosome 7 QTL region and comparative mapping of this region among vertebrate genomes

BACKGROUND: On porcine chromosome 7, the region surrounding the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) contains several Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) influencing many traits including growth, back fat thickness and carcass composition. Previous studies highlighted that a fragment of ~3.7 Mb is located within the Swine Leucocyte Antigen (SLA) complex. Internal rearrangements of this fragment were suggested, and partial contigs had been built, but further characterization of this region and identification of all human chromosomal fragments orthologous to this porcine fragment had to be carried out. RESULTS: A whole physical map of the region was constructed by integrating Radiation Hybrid (RH) mapping, BAC fingerprinting data of the INRA BAC library and anchoring BAC end sequences on the human genome. 17 genes and 2 reference microsatellites were ordered on the high resolution IMNpRH2(12000rad )Radiation Hybrid panel. A 1000:1 framework map covering 550 cR(12000 )was established and a complete contig of the region was developed. New micro rearrangements were highlighted between the porcine and human genomes. A bovine RH map was also developed in this region by mapping 16 genes. Comparison of the organization of this region in pig, cattle, human, mouse, dog and chicken genomes revealed that 1) the translocation of the fragment described previously is observed only on the bovine and porcine genomes and 2) the new internal micro rearrangements are specific of the porcine genome. CONCLUSION: We estimate that the region contains several rearrangements and covers 5.2 Mb of the porcine genome. The study of this complete BAC contig showed that human chromosomal fragments homologs of this heavily rearranged QTL region are all located in the region of HSA6 that surrounds the centromere. This work allows us to define a list of all candidate genes that could explain these QTL effects