The simulation of the TOTEM inelastic telescopes in OSCAR

The simulation of the TOTEM inelastic telescopes T1 and T2 has been implemented in the CMS framework for the simulation OSCAR, which is based on the GEANT4 toolkit. The note describes the software packages which manage the detector simulation and which contain the geometry description. The simulation has been tested calculating the charged particle fluxes in both detectors

TOTEM Experiment at the LHC: Status and Program

The TOTEM experiment (Total Cross Section Elastic Scattering and Diffraction Dissociation at the LHC) will measure the total p-p cross section at the LHC by measuring separately the elastic and inelastic rate. The TOTEM experimental apparatus accounts for two inelastic telescopes and two Roman Pot stations per side equipped with the leading proton detectors. The detectors will be placed in the forward region of CMS: the detectors of the two experiments, operated together, provide an unprecedented rapidity coverage at a hadron collider. A common program on forward physics with different LHC running scenarios is foreseen by the two collaborations; a brief description of the part concerning soft double Pomeron exchange processes is given in this article

Dielectronic Recombination Rates In Astrophysical Plasmas

In this work we introduce a new expression of the plasma Dielecronic Recombination (DR) rate as a function of the temperature, derived assuming a small deformation of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution and containing corrective factors, in addition to the usual exponential behaviour, caused by non-linear effects in slightly non ideal plasmas. We then compare the calculated DR rates with the experimental DR fits in the low temperature region.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, proceedings to the "International Symposium on Nuclear Astrophysics - Nuclei in the Cosmos - IX", 25-30 June 2006, CERN - Genev

Measuring quantumness: from theory to observability in interferometric setups

We investigate the notion of quantumness based on the non-commutativity of the algebra of observables and introduce a measure of quantumness based on the mutual incompatibility of quantum states. We show that such a quantity can be experimentally measured with an interferometric setup and that, when an arbitrary bipartition of a given composite system is introduced, it detects the one-way quantum correlations restricted to one of the two subsystems. We finally show that, by combining only two projective measurements and carrying out the interference procedure, our measure becomes an efficient universal witness of quantum discord and non-classical correlations.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur

Entanglement entropy in the ground state of non-interacting massless Dirac fermions in dimension one

We present a novel proof of a formula of Casini and Huerta for the entanglement entropy of the ground state of non-interacting massless Dirac fermions in dimension one localized to (a union of) intervals and generalize it to the case of R\'enyi entropies. At first, we prove that these entropies are well-defined for non-intersecting intervals. This is accomplished by an inequality of Alexander V.~Sobolev. Then we compute this entropy using a trace formula for Wiener--Hopf operators by Harold Widom. For intersecting intervals, we discuss an extended entropy formula of Casini and Huerta and support this with a proof for polynomial test functions (instead of entropy)

Simulation of diffractive and non-diffractive processes at the LHC energy with the PHYTHIA and PHOJET MC event generators

The predictions of the PYTHIA 6.205 and PHOJET 1.12 MC event generators for diffractive processes and minimum bias events are presented for the LHC energy. The comparison with the experimental data from the ISR, the SPS and the Tevatron is made

Factores que condicionan la informalidad en las MYPES de abarrotes del Centro Poblado de Izcuchaca, distrito de Anta, Cusco 2019

Existe un flujo de actividades comerciales bastante dinámico en el centro poblado de Izcuchaca, debido principalmente a su ubicación, donde se intersectan rutas comerciales que pasan por Abancay y Lima, es por eso que el crecimiento económico pasa desapercibido y es difícil medirlo en su totalidad. Se optó por observar las MYPES del sector abarrotes por ser uno de los rubros con menores barreras de ingreso y menor dificultar de establecimiento, y debido a eso es uno de los rubros que tiene a caer en la informalidad. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar qué características definen a este creciente sector de microempresas no reguladas y que trabas evitan que prospere el sector formal. Según la teoría, un sector informal se origina debido a las fricciones entre la legislación vigente y el sector empresarial, que no está familiarizado con la misma, por lo tanto, se buscó estudiar el problema tanto desde la perspectiva de la población como desde la perspectiva del estado. Para entender el rol de ambas entidades en la problemática informal, se determinaron variables que expliquen la realidad socio económico de los empresarios informales, así como otras que expliquen las barreras de ingreso al sector formal. Posteriormente se cuantifico los porcentajes de mayor frecuencia en el análisis de las diferentes variables con el fin de identificar las tendencias de comportamiento que tienen los agentes económicos informales. Los resultados muestran que el acelerado crecimiento económico de la región ha generado una brecha de desentendimiento entre la población y la administración municipal, esto se debe principalmente a la falta de información que manejan los empresarios con respecto a la formalización de sus actividades, ya que gran parte de la población encuestada respondió desconocer cuales son los trámites requeridos para formalizar sus negocios y los costos que estos implican, por todo esto se considera la falta de información como un factor muy relevante en la existencia del sector informal. Sin embargo, al momento de optar el funcionamiento informal también entran en juego otros factores como las barreras burocráticas, ya que la mayoría de la población encuestada respondió que ve como inconveniente el tener que invertir días hábiles de trabajo para hacer seguimiento de los tramites que involucran obtener una licencia. De igual manera, el nivel educativo de los agentes económicos representa un factor a considerarse en la aparición de negocios informales pues se observó que la población con estudios superiores universitarios tiene una tendencia frecuente a formalizar su negocio o por lo menos a considerar el trámite como una necesidad para mejorar las condiciones de la microempresa

CCD time-series photometry of the globular cluster NGC 5053: RR Lyrae, Blue Stragglers and SX Phoenicis stars revisited

We report the results of CCD $V$, $r$ and $I$ time-series photometry of the globular cluster NGC 5053. New times of maximum light are given for the eight known RR Lyrae stars in the field of our images and their periods are revised. Their $V$ light curves were Fourier decomposed to estimate their physical parameters. A discussion on the accuracy of the Fourier-based iron abundances, temperatures, masses and radii is given. New periods are found for the 5 known SX Phe stars and a critical discussion of their secular period changes is offered. The mean iron abundance for the RR Lyrae stars is found to be [Fe/H] $\sim -1.97 \pm 0.16$ and lower values are not supported by the present analysis. The absolute magnitude calibrations of the RR Lyrae stars yield an average true distance modulus of $16.12 \pm 0.04$ or a distance of $16.7 \pm 0.3$ kpc. Comparison of the observational CMD with theoretical isochrones indicates an age of $12.5 \pm 2.0$ Gyrs for the cluster. A careful identification of all reported Blue Stragglers (BS) and their $V,I$ magnitudes leads to the conclusion that BS12, BS22, BS23 and BS24 are not BS. On the other hand, three new BS are reported. Variability was found in seven BS, very likely of the SX Phe type in five of them, and in one red giant star. The new SX Phe stars follow established $PL$ relationships and indicate a distance in agreement with the distance from the RR Lyrae stars.Comment: 21 pages, 16 figures, 11 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRA

Triggering on Forward Physics

The feasibility is investigated of a dedicated trigger stream in the CMS trigger menu, with an output rate of cal O (1)~kHz on the First Level Trigger and cal O (1)~Hz on the High Level Trigger. By combining jet trigger information from the CMS calorimeter with information from the TOTEM Roman Pot detectors at 220 m distance from the interaction point, the default dijet trigger thresholds foreseen in the CMS trigger tables can be lowered substantially while respecting the CMS trigger bandwidth limits. The efficacy of the dedicated diffractive trigger stream is demonstrated for hard single-diffractive and double-Pomeron exchange events