Appendix B. Additional details on the protocol followed and the original sources used to build the tolerance data set and to standardize the rankings of tolerance obtained from different sources and for species from different continents.

Additional details on the protocol followed and the original sources used to build the tolerance data set and to standardize the rankings of tolerance obtained from different sources and for species from different continents

Appendix A. A table showing shade, drought, and waterlogging tolerance for 806 species of woody plants from the temperate Northern Hemisphere.

A table showing shade, drought, and waterlogging tolerance for 806 species of woody plants from the temperate Northern Hemisphere

Appendix C. Description of the irrigation experiment.

Description of the irrigation experiment

Appendix B. Summary results of the two-way ANOVA to test for the effects of fragmentation and habitat quality on soil fertility and patch attributes.

Summary results of the two-way ANOVA to test for the effects of fragmentation and habitat quality on soil fertility and patch attributes

Appendix D. Study traits for 2005 and 2006 in the different treatments.

Study traits for 2005 and 2006 in the different treatments

Appendix A. Climatic conditions at the study site.

Climatic conditions at the study site

Variation of functional diversity (FD) along altitudinal gradient for each functional trait (a-i).

<p>Partition of FD into inter- and intra-specific variability (difference between Total—inter-specific FD) expressed as yellow and blue vertical bars respectively along altitudinal gradient. Trait labels are the same as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0118876#pone.0118876.g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1</a>.</p

Principal component analysis (PCAs) using the nine traits measured in eleven species for a total of 856 individuals.

<p>The variability of individuals of each species and their distributions along trait axes is represented in the main PCA by lines that arise from species mean value and by an ellipse of dispersion. The minor PCA shows the correlation between the nine traits using all data. Species names are included by using acronyms and colour-coded by their growth form: (i) Hemicryptophyte (dark grey): PV (<i>Pilosella vahlii</i>), SP (<i>Senecio carpetanus</i>), JH (<i>Jurinea humilis</i>); (ii) cushion chamaephyte (white): AC (<i>Armeria caespitosa</i>), JC (<i>Jasione crispa</i>), MR (<i>Minuartia recurva</i>), SC (<i>Silene ciliata</i>); (iii) caespitosous hemicryptophyte (light grey) FC (<i>Festuca curvifolia</i>), DF (<i>Deschampsia flexuosa</i>), AD (<i>Agrostis delicatula</i>); (iv) shrub (black) JN (<i>Juniperus communis</i> subsp. <i>alpina</i>). Acronyms for traits: plant size (IS), plant height (H), leaf thickness (LT), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf carbon content (LCC), leaf nitrogen content (LNC), carbon and nitrogen isotopes ratios (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N, respectively).</p

Partition of variance between and within sites for each species and trait (a-i).

<p>Decomposition of variance into two levels, within and between sites (grey and white bars respectively), obtained from an analysis of variance model for each of the eleven species and nine traits. Species and trait labels are the same as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0118876#pone.0118876.g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1</a>.</p

Variation of community weighted means values (CWM) along altitudinal gradient for each functional trait (a-i).

<p>Response of two CWM values along altitudinal gradient: using mean trait value measured for each species across all sites (CWM_f—open triangles) and mean trait value at each site (CWM_s—black dots). Trait labels are the same as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0118876#pone.0118876.g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1</a>.</p