Distribution of carriage density for serotype.

<p>Kernel Density plot showing the distribution of density plotted for different numbers of distinct serotypes recovered per child. The density of carriage does not differ with the number of serotypes found.</p

Serotype against observed absolute densities of pneumococcal serotypes.

<p>Serotype against observed absolute density for samples where a single serotype or strain was identified in the microarray (A) and for all samples (B). The red dots denote individual measurements of density. In the box and whisker plots, for each serotype, the central line denotes the median of the distribution, the box edges denote upper and lower quartiles and the whiskers extend 1.5 times the interquartile range past the quartiles. The black dots denote outliers (also shown in red), and the dotted vertical line marks the overall median as a guide to the eye. Numbers of measurements for each serotype are shown to the right of the y axis. Boxplots are ordered by median value, from lowest (bottom) to highest (top) of the solo serotypes in both panels.</p

Serotype density against relative abundance.

<p>Serotype density against observed relative abundance. For each serotype, the median density is plotted against the relative abundance as a percentage of the entire sample, and horizontal lines denote interquartile ranges. Coloured symbols denote individual serotypes.</p

Additional file 1: of Comparison between diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children in various medical centres across Europe with the United States, United Kingdom and the World Health Organization guidelines

Community-Acquired Pneumonia Paediatric Research Initiative (CAP-PRI) Questionnaire regarding diagnosis and treatment strategies of community acquired pneumonia distributed to paediatric infectious disease specialists at European medical centres. (DOC 50 kb

International adaptation and validation of the Pro-VC-Be: measuring the psychosocial determinants of vaccine confidence in healthcare professionals in European countries

Healthcare professionals (HCPs) play an important role in vaccination; those with low confidence in vaccines are less likely to recommend them to their patients and to be vaccinated themselves. The study’s purpose was to adapt and validate long- and short-form versions of the International Professionals’ Vaccine Confidence and Behaviors (I-Pro-VC-Be) questionnaire to measure psychosocial determinants of HCPs’ vaccine confidence and their associations with vaccination behaviors in European countries. After the original French-language Pro-VC-Be was culturally adapted and translated, HCPs involved in vaccination (mainly GPs and pediatricians) across Germany, Finland, France, and Portugal completed a cross-sectional online survey in 2022. A 10-factor multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) of the long-form (10 factors comprising 34 items) tested for measurement invariance across countries. Modified multiple Poisson regressions tested the criterion validity of both versions. 2,748 HCPs participated. The 10-factor structure fit was acceptable to good everywhere. The final MG-CFA model confirmed strong factorial invariance and showed very good fit. The long- and short-form I-Pro-VC-Be had good criterion validity with vaccination behaviors. This study validates the I-Pro-VC-Be among HCPs in four European countries; including long- and short-form tools for use in research and public health.</p