Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pengungkapan Tanggung Jawab Sosial

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi luasnya tingkat pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial Perusahaan (Corporate Social Responsibility) dengan menguji pengaruh ukuran Perusahaan, profitabilitas, leverage, kepemilikan insti­tusional, ukuran dewan komisaris, ukuran dewan direksi, dan ukuran komite audit. Sampel yang digunakan adalah Perusahaan sektor pertambangan terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama 2010-2012. Data diperoleh dari laporan keuangan auditan dan laporan tahunan serta laporan keberlanjutan (sustainability report) jika ada. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis regresi linear berganda. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ukuran Perusahaan dan komite audit memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap peng­ungkapan tanggung jawab sosial. Tidak ditemukan bukti pengaruh profitabilitas, leverage, kepemilikan institusional, ukuran dewan komisaris, dan ukuran dewan direksi terhadap terhadap pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial

Turismo acessível para todos, um paradigma emergente e um desafio para a oferta turística. O caso dos espaços museológicos e empreendimentos turísticos de Cascais.

Reflexão sobre o turismo acessível para todos, como modelo que se revela cada vez mais essencial para todo o sistema turístico, que se afirma não só pela sua relevância social, cívica e demográfica mas também pelas potencialidades económicas associadas. Todavia, o turismo acessível constitui um desafio de adaptação para a oferta turística instalada há vários anos, em destinos turísticos mais antigos, como é o caso de Cascais.Reflection on accessible tourism for all, as an increasingly essential model for the touristic system, that claims not only for its social, civic and demographic significance, but also for the economic potential associated. However, the accessible tourism is an adaptation challenge for the elderly tourism supply, at long-established tourism destinations, such as Cascais

Dynamics of Oxygen-Independent Photocleavage of Blebbistatin as a One-Photon Blue or Two-Photon Near-Infrared Light-Gated Hydroxyl Radical Photocage

Development of versatile, chemically tunable photocages for photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) represents an excellent opportunity to address the technical drawbacks of conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) whose oxygen-dependent nature renders it inadequate in certain therapy contexts such as hypoxic tumors. As an alternative to PDT, oxygen free mechanisms to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) by visible light cleavable photocages are in demand. Here, we report the detailed mechanisms by which the small molecule blebbistatin acts as a one-photon blue light-gated or two-photon near-infrared light-gated photocage to directly release a hydroxyl radical (•OH) in the absence of oxygen. By using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and chemoselective ROS fluorescent probes, we analyze the dynamics and fate of blebbistatin during photolysis under blue light. Water-dependent photochemistry reveals a critical process of water-assisted protonation and excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) that drives the formation of short-lived intermediates, which surprisingly culminates in the release of •OH but not superoxide or singlet oxygen from blebbistatin. CASPT2//CASSCF calculations confirm that hydrogen bonding between water and blebbistatin underpins this process. We further determine that blue light enables blebbistatin to induce mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, an attribute conducive to PACT development. Our work demonstrates blebbistatin as a controllable photocage for •OH generation and provides insight into the potential development of novel PACT agents

The Last April

<p>Parameter settings of virtual datasets.</p

Requirements decision making through architecturally significant requirements

Software requirements are of significant importance to project success, yet the software industry still exhibits inadequate requirements practice. The intertwining between requirements and architecture has been recognized for more than three decades, yet most requirements research is still performed in isolation from considering the architectural perspective. With software systems becoming more complex and integrated, however, the contemporary RE environment has been changing. As a result, the intertwining between requirements and architecture is accelerated with growing criticality and popularity; architecture is becoming central in driving requirements; and Architecturally Significant Requirements (ASRs) is proposed to manage contemporary requirements process.  In this context, this thesis project therefore was started with the idea to improve requirements and architecture decision making through co-developing them, leveraging the concept of ASRs and discarding the differentiation of functional or non-functional requirements. When the project was started, however, two more fundamental problems emerged which were not initially foreseen. Firstly, there is insufficient understanding of requirements decision making context in practice, especially about what and how different factors (e.g. stakeholders) influence the decision making. Secondly, the notion of ASRs is far from mature, lacking of comprehensive knowledge upon how to define and identify them. Facing this situation, this thesis was then opted to investigate these problems. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the decision making context, this thesis reports on an in-depth, in-vivo participant observation study. It explores the requirements decision making process in an enterprise software development environment. A comprehensive portrayal of architects‟ influence on requirements decision making is derived. Also derived from the study is a stakeholder contribution pattern in requirements decision making. More importantly, a conceptual model is constructed, projecting how requirements decisions are made. To investigate how to identify ASRs, a grounded theory study was conducted, comprising two phases: first, observing seven architectural review board meetings and analysing 22 ARB presentation files; second, exercise-based interviews with 5 architects respectively.Grounded in the data, a framework for identifying ASRs is constructed, consisting of five dimensions. Underlying the two problems introduced above rests an incentive question concerning the identification of requirements issues and challenges facing practitioners. The purpose of answering this question is to more sharply pinpoint directions for improving requirements decision making and also to provide empirical evidence that justifies the appropriateness of using ASRs for that improvement. In this regard, this research offers a collection of empirical evidence that describes requirements challenges, issues and opportunities as experienced by practitioners, derived mainly from a survey study. The resultant findings were validated through expert interviews. Based on these results, a set of recommendations for practice is derived for improving requirements decision making through the employment of ASRs, in the context of enterprise software development. </p

Direct Likelihood Evaluation for the Renewal Hawkes Process

<p>An interesting extension of the widely applied Hawkes self-exiting point process, the renewal Hawkes (RHawkes) process, was recently proposed by Wheatley, Filimonov, and Sornette, which has the potential to significantly widen the application domains of the self-exciting point processes. However, they claimed that computation of the likelihood of the RHawkes process requires exponential time and therefore is practically impossible. They proposed two expectation–maximization (EM) type algorithms to compute the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the model parameters. Because of the fundamental role of likelihood in statistical inference, a practically feasible method for likelihood evaluation is highly desirable. In this article, we provide an algorithm that evaluates the likelihood of the RHawkes process in quadratic time, a drastic improvement from the exponential time claimed by Wheatley, Filimonov, and Sornette. We demonstrate the superior performance of the resulting MLEs of the model relative to the EM estimators through simulations. We also present a computationally efficient procedure to calculate the Rosenblatt residuals of the process for goodness-of-fit assessment, and a simple yet efficient procedure for future event prediction. The proposed methodologies were applied on real data from seismology and finance. An R package implementing the proposed methodologies is included in the supplementary materials.</p

Correlations field maps.

<p>(a) Reconstructed May–June maximum temperature of Tianshui and the gridded May–June maximum temperature for the period 1953–2008. (b) Reconstructed May–June maximum temperature of Tianshui and May–June cloud cover for the period 1953–2008. (c) Reconstructed May–June maximum temperature of Tianshui and October–June SSTs for the period 1940–2008.</p

Comparison between observed and estimated spring (May to June) maximum temperature from 1953 to 2008.

<p>Comparison between observed and estimated spring (May to June) maximum temperature from 1953 to 2008.</p

Estimated (thin line) and 10-year low-pass filter (thick line) values of May–June maximum temperature of Tianshui.

<p>Central horizontal line shows the mean of the estimated values; The dotted lines show the border of one standard deviation.</p

Plot of the standard EWD chronology of the Shimen Mountains, its running expressed population signal (EPS), sample depth and mean inter-series correlation (Rbar).

<p>Plot of the standard EWD chronology of the Shimen Mountains, its running expressed population signal (EPS), sample depth and mean inter-series correlation (Rbar).</p