Coupled Hydro-Biogeochemical Processes Controlling Cr Reductive Immobilization in Columbia River Hyporheic Zone

An experiment and modeling study was conducted to investigate coupled hydro-biogeochemical processes controlling reductive immobilization of groundwater Cr in the hyporheic zone (HZ) at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Hanford Site, where dynamic surface water–groundwater exchange occurs on a daily basis. Experiments were performed to calibrate kinetic models, and the calibrated models were incorporated into a multicomponent reactive transport model to simulate Cr redox transformation and immobilization under field hydrological conditions. The results revealed that the rates of Cr­(VI) reduction, Cr­(III) accumulation, and Cr­(VI) release to the river are mostly affected by dynamic sediment redox conditions represented by Fe­(II) reactivity, which is controlled by its cyclic interaction with O₂ carried by river water, microbial activities, and the supply and bioavailability of organic carbon (OC) that is present in the HZ and/or carried by transport. In addition, the HZ geophysical properties including hydraulic conductivity and the thickness of the top alluvial layer have a significant influence on Cr reactive transport and immobilization by controlling residence times for reactions and the supply rates of O₂, Cr, and OC into the HZ. The results provide important insights into the dynamic redox environments in the HZ that can reductively immobilize contaminants

A Generalized-Rate Model for Describing and Scaling Redox Kinetics in Sediments Containing Variable Redox-Reactive Materials

This study developed a generalized modeling approach for describing and scaling redox reactions from reactive components to the sediments and their assemblages, using Cr­(VI) reduction as an example. Batch experiments were performed to characterize the rates of Cr­(VI) reduction in four Fe­(II)-containing sediments and their assemblages. The experimental data were first used to calibrate a generalized-rate model of Cr­(VI) reduction with generic rate parameters. The generalized-rate model was then used to describe the kinetics of Cr­(VI) reduction in the sediment assemblages by linearly scaling the rate parameters from the individual sediments. Via comparison with the experimental results, this study found that the generalized-rate model with generic rate parameters can describe Cr­(VI) reduction in individual sediments and their assemblages with different redox reactivity toward Cr­(VI) reduction. The sediment-associated Fe­(II) and its reactivity were found to be the key variables in the generalized model for describing the Cr­(VI) reduction in the studied sediments. A three-step extraction method was subsequently developed to estimate the rate-specific Fe­(II) pools that can facilitate the application of the scaling approach in field systems

Table1_Platelet-Rich Plasma Induces Autophagy and Promotes Regeneration in Human Dental Pulp Cells.DOC

Regenerative endodontic procedures using autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can improve the biologic outcome of treatment. However, its mechanism of action on improving pulp regeneration is not fully elucidated. Autophagy was recently shown to be related to tissue repair and osteogenesis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of PRP in dental pulp regeneration and to elucidate the role of autophagy involved in this process. Human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) were isolated from healthy dental pulp and co-cultured with an increasing concentration of PRP. Cellular migration and proliferation were determined by scratch assay, transwell assay, and cell-counting kit 8 assay. Osteogenic differentiation was clarified by using alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red staining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to measure the gene expression levels of alkaline phosphatase, collagen-1, osteocalcin, dentin matrix protein 1, and dentin sialophosphoprotein. Autophagic bodies were observed by transmission electron microscopy and the expression of autophagy marker light chain 3B (LC3B) was determined by immunofluorescence staining. The mRNA and protein expression level of LC3B and Beclin-1 were quantified by qRT-PCR and western blotting. The effect of PRP on cellular migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation was further investigated in the milieu of autophagy activator, rapamycin, and inhibitor, 3-methyladenine. Results showed that PRP promoted cell migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. Autophagic bodies were strongly activated and the expression level of LC3B and Beclin-1 was significantly promoted by PRP. Autophagy inhibition suppressed PRP-induced hDPCs migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation, whereas autophagy activator substantially augmented PRP-stimulated migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Taken together, these findings suggested that PRP could effectively promote regenerative potentials associated with autophagy.</p

Table2_Platelet-Rich Plasma Induces Autophagy and Promotes Regeneration in Human Dental Pulp Cells.DOCX

Regenerative endodontic procedures using autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can improve the biologic outcome of treatment. However, its mechanism of action on improving pulp regeneration is not fully elucidated. Autophagy was recently shown to be related to tissue repair and osteogenesis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of PRP in dental pulp regeneration and to elucidate the role of autophagy involved in this process. Human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) were isolated from healthy dental pulp and co-cultured with an increasing concentration of PRP. Cellular migration and proliferation were determined by scratch assay, transwell assay, and cell-counting kit 8 assay. Osteogenic differentiation was clarified by using alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red staining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to measure the gene expression levels of alkaline phosphatase, collagen-1, osteocalcin, dentin matrix protein 1, and dentin sialophosphoprotein. Autophagic bodies were observed by transmission electron microscopy and the expression of autophagy marker light chain 3B (LC3B) was determined by immunofluorescence staining. The mRNA and protein expression level of LC3B and Beclin-1 were quantified by qRT-PCR and western blotting. The effect of PRP on cellular migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation was further investigated in the milieu of autophagy activator, rapamycin, and inhibitor, 3-methyladenine. Results showed that PRP promoted cell migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. Autophagic bodies were strongly activated and the expression level of LC3B and Beclin-1 was significantly promoted by PRP. Autophagy inhibition suppressed PRP-induced hDPCs migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation, whereas autophagy activator substantially augmented PRP-stimulated migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Taken together, these findings suggested that PRP could effectively promote regenerative potentials associated with autophagy.</p

Additional file 1 of SIRT1 mediates nutritional regulation of SREBP-1c-driven hepatic PNPLA3 transcription via modulation of H3k9 acetylation

Additional file 1

Facial features that significantly contributed to the trustworthiness judgments of Caucasian male faces by Caucasian and Chinese.

<p><i>p</i><0.001; bolded features are significant for both Chinese and Caucasian participants.</p

Iron-Catalyzed Cycloaddition Reaction of Diynes and Cyanamides at Room Temperature

An iron-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of diynes and cyanamides at room temperature is reported. Highly substituted 2-aminopyridines were obtained in good to excellent yields with high regioselectivity. Insights toward the reaction process were investigated through in situ IR spectra and control experiments. In this iron-catalyzed cycloaddition reaction, the active iron species was generated only in the presence of both alkynes and nitriles. The lower reaction temperature, broad substrates scope, and inversed regioselectivity make it a complementary method to the previously developed iron catalytic system

Supplemental Material - BML-111, the agonist of lipoxin A4, suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and migration of MCF-7 cells <i>via</i> regulating the lipoxygenase pathway

Supplemental Material for BML-111, the agonist of lipoxin A4, suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and migration of MCF-7 cells via regulating the lipoxygenase pathway Fen Xu, Xiaoyan Zhou, Lan Lin, Jing Xu, Yu Feng, Yuanqiao He and Hua Hao in International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology</p

Examples of facial cues for trustworthiness with attractiveness considered by Caucasian and Chinese participants.

<p>These facial features are adjusted in terms of −4, −2, 0, 2, and 4 SD from the mean. Note that after controlling attractiveness, the facial cues of trustworthiness for Chinese only concluded skin shade (dark/light) which is shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0034859#pone-0034859-g003" target="_blank">Fig. 3</a>.</p

Examples of facial cues for trustworthiness and attractiveness judgments by Caucasian and Chinese participants.

<p>These facial features are adjusted in terms of −4, −2, 0, 2, and 4 SD from the mean.</p