The association between ACE inhibitors and psoriasis based on the drug-targeted Mendelian randomization and real-world pharmacovigilance analyses

Although a growing number of observational studies suggest that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) intake may be a risk factor for psoriasis, evidence is still insufficient to draw definitive conclusions. Drug-targeted Mendelian randomization (DTMR) was used to analyze the causality between genetic proxied ACEIs and psoriasis. Furthermore, we performed a disproportionality analysis based on the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database to identify more suspicious subclasses of ACEIs. Using two kinds of genetic proxy instruments, the present DTMR research identified genetic proxied ACEIs as risk factors for psoriasis. Furthermore, our disproportionality analysis revealed that ramipril, trandolapril, perindopril, lisinopril, and enalapril were associated with the risk of psoriasis, which validates and refines the findings of the DTMR. Our integrative study verified that ACEIs, especially ramipril, trandolapril, perindopril, lisinopril, and enalapril, tended to increase the risk of psoriasis statistically.</p

Effect of LiFSI Concentrations To Form Thickness- and Modulus-Controlled SEI Layers on Lithium Metal Anodes

Improving the cyclic stability of lithium metal anodes is of particular importance for developing high-energy-density batteries. In this work, a remarkable finding shows that the control of lithium bis­(fluorosulfonyl)­imide (LiFSI) concentrations in electrolytes significantly alters the thickness and modulus of the related SEI layers, leading to varied cycling performances of Li metal anodes. In an electrolyte containing 2 M LiFSI, an SEI layer of ∼70 nm that is obviously thicker than those obtained in other concentrations is observed through <i>in situ</i> atomic force microscopy (AFM). In addition to the decomposition of FSI^– anions that generates rigid lithium fluoride (LiF) as an SEI component, the modulus of this thick SEI layer with a high LiF content could be significantly strengthened to 10.7 GPa. Such a huge variation in SEI modulus, much higher than the threshold value of Li dendrite penetration, provides excellent performances of Li metal anodes with Coulombic efficiency higher than 99%. Our approach demonstrates that the FSI^– anions with appropriate concentration can significantly alter the SEI quality, establishing a meaningful guideline for designing electrolyte formulation for stable lithium metal batteries